孕前腹腔镜子宫颈环扎术治疗子宫颈机能不全的临床疗效分析

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Preconceptional Laparoscopic Cervical Cerclage in the Treatment of Cervical Incompetence

目的:探讨孕前腹腔镜子宫颈环扎术(LCC)在改善子宫颈机能不全妊娠结局中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2014年7月1日至2023年5月31日112例子宫颈机能不全患者行孕前LCC的临床资料。其中孕前LCC手术指征为:经阴道子宫颈环扎术(TCC)失败(42例)、子宫颈手术史+TCC失败(7例)、不适合TCC(10例)和患者强烈要求(53例)。分析孕前LCC患者的手术情况及妊娠结局,对比孕前LCC后妊娠并分娩的患者和因不同手术指征行孕前LCC患者手术前后的分娩孕周。结果:112例患者中位手术时间65.5 min、中位术中出血量10.0 ml,无术中并发症,术后住院时间2.9±0.6 d。术后随访到108例,LCC后妊娠分娩77例,术前共分娩205次,术后共分娩81次;术后成功分娩(孕周>28周)78次(96.3%),平均分娩孕周37.4±1.7周;早产率16.7%,足月产率83.3%。孕前LCC后孕周≥28周分娩率明显高于孕前LCC的既往分娩率(96.3%vs.10.7%,P<0.05),分娩孕周显著延长(36.4±5.5周vs.19.8±7.5周,P<0.05)。不同手术指征行孕前LCC的术后分娩孕周,除手术指征为不适合TCC外(P>0.05),其余均显著晚于孕前LCC既往分娩孕周(P<0.05)。结论:孕前LCC手术安全性高,可显著延长子宫颈机能不全患者的分娩孕周改善妊娠结局,可作为既往存在TCC失败史患者的有效治疗方法。

Objective:To evaluate the application value of preconceptional laparoscopic cervical cerclage(LCC)in improving the pregnancy outcomes with cervical incompetence(CIC).Methods:Clinical data of 112 patients with CIC who underwent preconceptional LCC in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 1,2014 to May 31,2023 were retrospectively reviewed.The surgical indications of preconceptional LCC included:failed transvaginal cervical cerclage(TCC)(42 patients),history of cervical surgery+failed TCC(7 patients),unsuitability for TCC(10 patients)and strong request from patients(53 patients).The surgical situation and pregnancy outcome of preconceptional LCC were analyzed,and the gestational age of delivery before and after preconceptional LCC surgery and different surgical indications were compared in postoperative delivery patients who underwent preconceptional LCC.Results:The median operation time of 112 patients was 65.5 min,the median intraoperative blood loss was 10.0 ml,and there were no intraoperative complications.The postoperative hospital stay was 2.9±0.6 d.108 cases were followed up after surgery,with 77 cases of pregnancy and delivery after LCC.A total of 205 deliveries were made before surgery,and 81 deliveries were made after surgery.Successful postoperative deliveries(delivery after 28 weeks)were 78(96.3%),with an average gestational age 37.4±1.7 weeks.The preterm birth rate was 16.7%,term birth rate was 83.3%.The delivery rate at≥28 weeks after preconceptional LCC was significantly higher than the previous delivery rate of pre pregnancy LCC(96.3%vs.10.7%,P<0.05),and the gestational age was significantly prolonged(36.4±5.5 weeks vs.19.8±7.5 weeks,P<0.05).The postoperative delivery gestational week of preconceptional LCC with different surgical indications was significantly later than the previous delivery gestational week of pre pregnancy LCC(P<0.05),except for the indication of unsuitability for TCC(P>0.05).Conclusions:Preconceptional LCC surgery is highly safe and can effectively prolong the gestational age and improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with CIC.It can be an effective treatment method for patients with a history of TCC failure.