生物武器犯罪的国际追诉

On International Prosecution of Biological Weapons Crimes

《禁止生物武器公约》存在缺乏多边核查机制而导致执行力不足的问题,这会造成个人在进行生物技术研究时有将其武器化的滥用风险。此外,国际恐怖组织、跨国制药公司也有可能制造或使用各种生物武器从而危害人类社会的生物安全。为了解决该问题,可以考虑采用《反酷刑公约》《制止危害民用航空安全非法行为公约》等国际公约的思路,通过国际公约建立普遍管辖权的方法将生物武器犯罪作为一种国际罪行来对个人追诉相应的刑事责任,从而更为有效地起到威慑与制裁生物武器犯罪行为人的目的。这就要求我国不但要积极推进相应公约的起草与生效工作,还要完善我国的《生物安全法》与《刑法》,使之具有域外适用的效力。

The Biological Weapons Convention(BWC)suffers from the lack of a multilateral verification mechanism resulting in inadequate enforcement,which creates the risk of misuse by individuals who conduct biotechnology research to weaponize it.In addition,international terrorist organizations and multinational pharmaceutical companies are also likely to manufacture or use various biological weapons to endanger the biosecurity of human society.In order to solve this problem,international conventions such as The Convention against Torture and The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation can be considered.By establishing universal jurisdiction through international conventions,biological weapons crimes can be regarded as an international crime to prosecute individuals with corresponding criminal responsibility,so as to more effectively deter and sanction the perpetrators of biological weapons crimes.This requires our country not only to actively promote the drafting and entry into force of the relevant conventions,but also to improve our Biosafety Law and Criminal Law to make them have extraterritorial application effectiveness.