不同光质对黄伞菌菇光谱特性及矿质元素的影响

Effects of Different Light Qualities on Spectral Characteristics and Mineral Elements of the Pholiota Adiposa

食用菌子实体发育阶段对光较为敏感,目前尚无黄伞菌菇生长及营养品质对不同光谱照射响应的相关研究。在人工光型植物工厂中种植黄伞菌菇(Pholiota adiposa),以纯白光为对照(CK),设置纯绿(G)、纯蓝(B)、纯红(R)、红蓝(RB)4个处理,光照周期为12 h光照/12 h黑暗。通过分析不同光质对黄伞子实体性状、光谱特性和矿质元素的影响,探究适宜黄伞菌菇生长发育的最佳光配方。结果表明:与其他处理相比,红光显著提高了黄伞菌柄长度及子实体重量,分别比对照提高78.4%和90.0%(p<0.05);蓝光显著促进黄伞菌柄直径和菌盖直径的增加,分别比对照增加22.8%和19.1%(p<0.05);各处理菌盖厚度无显著性差异,说明光质对菌盖厚度的影响不大。与对照相比,各处理黄伞菌盖光谱参量Hue(色相)值均有所提高(增幅5.3%~28.9%),而菌柄Hue值均有所降低(降幅26.3%~46.7%);绿光处理下黄伞菌盖和菌柄色泽饱和度C值、MACRI值和PRI值等色度光谱参量均有所提高。与对照相比,各光质处理均提高了菌盖中P、K元素含量,但不同程度地降低了菌柄中K、Ca、Mg、Na、Mn元素含量;绿光提高了除Ca、Na元素外其他所有矿质元素的积累量,且均为处理间最高。红光有利于黄伞菌柄增长及子实体重量增加,蓝光有利于促进黄伞菌柄和菌盖直径的增加,而绿光有利于黄伞的着色及其矿质元素的积累。该研究为特色菌菇黄伞工厂化生产中光环境的调控提供一定的理论依据。

The fruiting body of edible fungi is sensitive to light in the development stage,and there are no studies on the response of growth and nutritional quality of Pholiota adiposa to different spectral irradiation.In this study,Pholiota adipose was grown in an artificial light-type plant factory with pure white light as control(CK),and four treatments were set up:pure green(G),pure blue(B),pure red(R),and red-blue(RB).The light cycle was 12 h light/12 h darkness.The optimum light quality was determined by analyzing the effects of different light qualities on the traits,spectral characteristics,and mineral elements of Pholiota adiposa.The results showed that red light significantlypromoted the growth of Pholiota adiposestipe and the increase of fruiting body quality by 78.4%and 90.0%,respectively,compared with the control(p<0.05).Blue light significantly increased stipe diameter and pileus diameter by 22.8%and 19.1%,respectively,compared with the control(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the thickness of the pileus between different treatments,indicating that the light quality had little effect on the pileus thickness.Compared with the control,the Hue value of Pholiota adiposepileus was increased in all treatments(5.3%~28.9%increase),while the Hue value of the stipe was decreased in all treatments(26.3%~46.7%decrease).The color spectral parameters such as C,MACRI,and PRI value of the pileus and stipe of Pholiota adiposa increased under green light treatment,which is more conducive to the coloring of Pholiota adiposa than other light qualities.In actual production,the shapes and colorationof the stipe and pileus can be adjusted by changing the light quality according to different market demands.Compared with the control,all light treatments increased the content of P and K-elements in the Pholiota adipose pileus(by 4%~15%and 7%~16%,respectively)and decreased the content of K,Ca,Mg,Na,and Mn elements in the stipe to different degrees.All light treatments decreased the accumulation of Ca and Na elements in the fruit body of Pholiota adiposa,and the accumulation of other elements except Ca and Na was increased and reached the highest level under green light.Therefore,green light is more favorable to mineral element accumulation in Pholiota adiposa than other light qualities.This study provides a theoretical basis for regulating the light environment in the factory production of the specialty mushroom Pholiota adiposa.