刈割方式对豫西北地区小黑麦草产量和营养品质的影响

Effects of Mowing Methods on Forage Yield and Nutritional Quality of Triticale in Northwest Henan Province,China

为明确豫西北地区小黑麦(Triticosecale Wittmack)最佳刈割方式,以‘甘农2号’等6个品种为试验材料,通过设置抽穗期刈割1次(HD)、开花期刈割1次(FLW)、乳熟期刈割1次(MLK)、拔节后刈割2次(TWC)和3次(TRC)共5个处理,研究刈割方式对草产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明:刈割方式对小黑麦草产量影响显著(P<0.05),鲜草总产量HD>TWC>FLW>TRC>MLK,干草总产量MLK>FLW>HD>TWC>TRC;拔节后1~2次刈割,再生株枝条数、株高、草产量均显著降低(P<0.05);随生育时期推进,鲜干比和营养品质均显著下降(P<0.05),与抽穗期相比,乳熟期粗蛋白含量、相对饲用价值分别降低32.7%,28.0%,酸性、中性洗涤纤维含量分别提高14.6%,26.9%;株高与鲜、干草产量极显著正相关(P<0.01),鲜干比与粗蛋白含量、相对饲用价值极显著正相关(P<0.01),与酸性、中性洗涤纤维含量极显著负相关(P<0.01)。综上,豫西北小黑麦最佳刈割方式为抽穗期刈割1次,此时鲜草产量最高,营养品质较高;乳熟期刈割一次干草产量最高。

This study aimed to optimize the mowing techniques for triticale(Triticosecale Wittmack)in northwest Henan Province.We investigated the effects of different mowing methods on the forage yield and nutritional quality of six cultivars,including‘Gannong 2’,by five different treatments:mowing once at heading stage(HD),mowing once at flowering stage(FLW),mowing once at milk-ripe stage(MLK),two mowings after jointing(TWC),and three mowings after jointing(TRC).The results showed that the mowing methods significantly affected the forage yield of triticale(P<0.05),with the total fresh forage yield following the order HD>TWC>FLW>TRC>MLK,while the total hay forage yield was MLK>FLW>HD>TWC>TRC.The number of branches,plant height and forage yield of the regenerated plants were decreased significantly after one or two mowings(P<0.05).As the growth period progressed,the fresh-hay ratio decreased and the nutritional quality were deteriorated.In compared with the heading stage,the crude protein content and relative feeding value at the milk-ripe stage was decreased by 32.7%and 28.0%respectively,while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were increased by 14.6%and 26.9%respectively.Plant height showed a positive correlation with fresh and hay forage yield(P<0.01).The fresh-hay ratio showed a positive correlation with crude protein content and relative feeding value,but a negative correlation with acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber(P<0.01).In conclusion,the optimal mowing method for triticale in northwest Henan Province is mowing once at the heading stage,which yields the highest fresh forage and maintains relatively high nutritional quality.The highest hay yield was obtained by mowing once at the milk-ripe stage.