糖基化蛋白修饰在眼部疾病的研究进展

Research progress on protein glycosylation modification in ocular diseases

糖基化是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰,通常发生在内质网和高尔基体的特定位置。N-糖基化和O-糖基化是最常见的糖基化修饰类型。与其他翻译后修饰相比,糖基化具有独特的生物学意义,包括结构的复杂多样性,生物功能的重要性以及进化上的保守性。糖基化修饰对于蛋白质稳定性、细胞黏附与识别、细胞内信号传导和表观遗传学具有重要影响,从而参与调节细胞生物学和发病机制。近年来,越来越多的研究揭示了糖基化参与眼部疾病的发生和发展,包括眼表疾病、圆锥角膜、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜色素变性、糖尿病视网膜病变等。眼部蛋白糖基化异常可通过诱发新生血管形成、炎症反应、氧化应激、异常免疫应答等改变细胞的结构与功能,进而影响各种眼病的发生发展。通过深入研究糖基化在不同眼部疾病中的作用机制,可以为相关眼部疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路和方法。现综述糖基化在眼部疾病的研究进展,以探究调控蛋白质糖基化对眼部疾病的诊疗意义。

Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins that usually occurs at specific locations within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation are the most common types of glycosylation modifications.Compared to other post-translational modifications,glycosylation has unique biological significance,including structural complexity and diversity,crucial biological functions,and evolutionary conservation.Glycosylation modifications significantly impact protein stability,cell adhesion and recognition,intracellular signal transduction,and epigenetics,thereby regulating cellular biology and pathogenesis.In recent years,an increasing amount of research has revealed the involvement of glycosylation in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases,including ocular surface diseases,keratoconus,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,retinitis pigmentosa,and diabetic retinopathy.Abnormal glycosylation of ocular proteins can induce changes in cell structure and function through mechanisms such as neovascularization,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and abnormal immune response,thereby influencing the occurrence and development of various eye diseases.By deeply studying the mechanisms of glycosylation in different ocular diseases,new insights and methods can be provided for the early diagnosis and treatment of related ocular diseases.This review summarizes the research progress of glycosylation in ocular diseases to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of regulating protein glycosylation in ocular diseases.