父母拒绝对大学生社交焦虑的影响:拒绝敏感性的中介与性别的调节作用

Influence of parental rejection on college students'social anxiety:the mediation of rejection sensitivity and the moderation of gender

目的探讨父母拒绝对大学生社交焦虑的影响机制。方法采用方便抽样的方式选取1867名在校大学生作为被试,使用父母教养方式问卷、拒绝敏感性问卷、交往焦虑问卷施测,并对数据进行统计分析。结果男生父亲拒绝和母亲拒绝维度得分均显著高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父亲拒绝、母亲拒绝、社交焦虑及拒绝敏感性互相均呈正相关(P<0.05);性别与父亲拒绝、母亲拒绝均呈负相关(P<0.05)。父亲拒绝与母亲拒绝均能正向预测大学生社交焦虑(β=0.19、0.17,均P<0.05),拒绝敏感性在父亲拒绝及母亲拒绝与大学生社交焦虑间起部分中介作用(中介效应值均为0.07,均P<0.05)。性别在父亲拒绝及母亲拒绝与社交焦虑中介路径的前半段起调节作用(β=0.81、0.77,均P<0.05),且对父亲拒绝及母亲拒绝与大学生社交焦虑的关系均有调节作用(β=-0.14、-0.14,均P<0.05)。父亲拒绝对男生社交焦虑的预测水平(β=0.20,P<0.05)高于对女生的预测水平(β=0.06,P<0.05);母亲拒绝对男生社交焦虑的预测水平(β=0.19,P<0.05)同样高于女生(β=0.05,P>0.05)。父亲拒绝对女生拒绝敏感性的预测水平(β=2.22,P<0.05)高于男生(β=1.41,P<0.05);母亲拒绝对女生拒绝敏感性的预测水平(β=2.14,P<0.05)同样高于男生(β=1.38,P<0.05)。结论父母拒绝通过拒绝敏感性间接影响大学生的社交焦虑,父母拒绝对男大学生社交焦虑的预测作用强于女生,在父母拒绝的影响下女大学生的拒绝敏感性水平更高。

Objective To explore the mechanism of how parental rejection affects social anxiety among college students.Methods Using convenient sampling,1867 college students were surveyed with the Parental Rearing Styles Questionnaire,the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire,and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale.The data were statistically analyzed.Results Scores for father rejection and mother rejection were significantly higher for males than females(P<0.05).Each pair of father rejection,mother rejection,social anxiety,and rejection sensitivity was negatively correlated(P<0.05).Gender correlated positively with both father and mother rejection(P<0.05).Father and mother rejection positively predicted social anxiety in college students(β=0.19,0.17,both P<0.05).Rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between parental rejection and social anxiety(mediation effect value=0.07,both P<0.05).Gender moderated the first half of the mediation path(β=0.81,0.77,both P<0.05)and the relationship between parental rejection and social anxiety(β=-0.14,-0.14,both P<0.05).Father rejection predicted social anxiety more strongly in males(β=0.20,P<0.05)than females(β=0.06,P<0.05),and mother rejection similarly predicted social anxiety more strongly in males(β=0.19,P<0.05)than females(β=0.05,P>0.05).Father rejection predicted rejection sensitivity more strongly in females(β=2.22,P<0.05)than in males(β=1.41,P<0.05),and mother rejection showed the same trend(β=2.14,P<0.05 vs.β=1.38,P<0.05).Conclusion Parental rejection indirectly influences social anxiety in college students through rejection sensitivity,with a stronger predictive effect on males'social anxiety.Parental rejection also results in higher rejection sensitivity in females.