2005-2022年重庆市永川区突发公共卫生事件流行特征及发展趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and development trends of public health emergencies in Yongchuan District of Chongqing Municipality from 2005 to 2022

目的分析2005—2022年重庆市永川区突发公共卫生事件的流行特征和发展趋势,为科学应对和有效防控突发公共卫生事件提供依据。方法通过突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统和现场流行病学调查报告收集2005年1月—2022年12月永川区突发公共卫生事件的相关信息,并对其流行特征进行分析。采用WPS Office和EPi info 7.0软件进行数据整理、统计分析等。结果2005—2022年永川区共报告突发公共卫生事件121起,报告病例数为4864例,死亡3例。较大事件2起(1.65%),一般事件45起(37.19%),未分级事件74起(61.16%)。不同时间段达到分级标准的事件比例比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.142,P<0.001),其中2005—2009年达到分级标准的事件比例为62.96%,较2010—2019年达到分级标准的事件比例(48.33%)和2020—2022年达到分级标准的事件比例(2.94%)更高。以传染病事件最多(119起,98.35%);传染病事件以其他类传染病(水痘)为主(61起,50.41%);中毒事件1起,其他公共卫生事件1起,且在2010年后二者未有报告,占比较低。报告事件数在4—6月和9—11月出现2个高峰。以城区报告事件为主(66起,54.55%)。主要发生场所为学校(106起,87.60%),发病4320例,占比88.82%;学校里主要发生场所为小学(75起,70.75%)。以呼吸道传染病为主(107起,88.43%)。事件发病规模为24(17,40)例,持续时间为20.29(6.92,43.75)d,处置时间为11.13(2.31,27.93)d。结论永川区突发公共卫生事件时有发生,未分级事件呈逐年增加趋势,以传染病类事件为主,学校是突发公共卫生事件防控的重点。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and development trends of public health emergencies in Yongchuan District of Chongqing Municipality from 2005 to 2022,providing scientific evidence for improving prevention and control measures.Methods The information on public health emergencies in Yongchuan district from January 2005 to December 2022 was collected from the public health emergency management information system and field epidemiological investigation report.And the epidemic characteristics were analyzed.WPS Office and EPi info 7.0 software were used for data screening and statistical analysis.Results A total of 121 public health emergencies were reported in Yongchuan district from 2005 to 2022,with 4864 reported cases and 3 deaths.Major events occurred in 2(1.65%),general events in 45(37.19%),and ungraded events in 74(61.16%).There was a significant difference in the proportion of events reaching grade between different periods(χ^(2)=24.142,P<0.001),with 62.96%of events reaching grade from 2005 to 2009,which was higher than the proportion of events reaching grade from 2010 to 2019(48.33%)and the proportion of events reaching grade from 2020 to 2022(2.94%).Infectious disease events were the most common(119,98.35%);infectious disease events were mainly other types of infectious diseases,such as varicella(61,50.41%);poisoning events occurred in 1,other public health events occurred in 1,and were not reported after 2010,accounting for a relatively low proportion.The number of reported events showed two peaks:April to June and September to November.Events were predominantly reported in urban areas(66,54.55%).The main place of occurrence was school(106,87.60%),4,320 cases occurred,accounting for 88.82%;the main place of occurrence in school was elementary school(75,70.75%).Respiratory infectious diseases were predominant(107,88.43%).The event onset scale was 24(17,40)cases,duration 20.29(6.92,43.75)days,and disposition time 11.13(2.31,27.93)days.Conclusion Public health emergencies in the Yongchuan district occur from time to time,and ungraded incidents show an increasing trend annually,mainly infectious disease incidents.Schools remain the focus of prevention and control of public health emergencies.