量子计算信息安全威胁与应对策略分析

Analysis of information security threats for quantum computing and countermeasures

量子计算在理论上已被证明具有远超现有经典计算的公钥密码破解能力。近年来量子计算发展迅速,引发公钥密码破解的信息安全威胁日益迫近,应对量子计算信息安全威胁已成为全球信息安全管理机构和信息通信等行业的关注热点。分析量子计算信息安全威胁及影响,探讨抗量子密码和量子密钥分发两种主要应对策略的技术优劣势和应用发展趋势,提出应对量子计算信息安全威胁的发展建议。

Quantum computing has been theoretically proven to have a public key cryptography cracking capability that far exceeds that of classical computing.In recent years,the rapid development of quantum computing has triggered the information security threat of public key cryptography,which has become raising concern for the global information security authorities and the Information and Communications Technology(ICT)industries.This paper first analyzes the information security threats and impacts of quantum computing.Then,it discusses the technical characteristics and application trends of the two main countermeasures,namely,post quantum cryptography(PQC)and quantum key distribution(QKD).Finally,it puts forward the development suggestions for dealing with the information security threats of quantum computing.