铁路工程建设可持续供应链网络集成优化研究

Integration optimization of sustainable supply chain network in railway construction

随着国家对铁路工程项目可持续发展的日益重视,迫切需要先进且集成的供应链网络设计方案理论与方法来提高供应链效率、可持续绩效以及资源利用率。实施可持续供应链网络设计已成为实现铁路工程可持续发展的重要途径,而供应商选择、物流设施选址、路径规划、库存管理以及工程废弃物回收再利用等决策是铁路工程供应链管理的核心与关键问题。针对我国铁路工程建设供应链管理特点,从可持续视角研究铁路工程建设供应链网络设计集成优化问题,提出两阶段的求解框架:其中,第1阶段基于可持续指标体系运用模糊TOPSIS方法确定最佳供应商选择;第2阶段针对物流设施选址、库存控制策略与网络最佳流量分配的集成决策问题,构建了基于模糊规划的多周期多目标供应链网络集成决策优化模型。该优化模型考虑了运输过程的不确定性,以供应链总成本、碳排放量最小以及社会效益最大为优化目标。针对上述多周期多目标优化模型的特征,设计了改进的宽容分层序列算法进行求解。最后,基于我国丰雄商铁路工程建设项目进行案例研究,验证了上述求解框架与算法的有效性,并针对单位运价、单位运输碳排放量以及弃置率3个关键参数进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明:1)批量折扣策略可以在联合采购中节省大量成本;2)运输模式与路径优化对系统的效率和可持续绩效有决定性影响;3)与管理学手段相比,推进新能源的使用是降低碳排放量最有效的措施;4)社会效益的提高不可避免地需要更高的成本,政府合理的补贴政策是提高企业积极性的关键举措;5)长远来看,铁路工程项目中的废弃物回收利用是实现可持续工程建设的重要途径,其技术和应用的发展都应受到重视。

With the increasing attention given to the sustainable development of railway construction projects,it is an urgent need for us to apply some advanced and integrated optimization theory and method for supply chain network design to improve the efficiency,sustainable performance,and resource utilization of the supply chain.To design a sustainable supply chain network was a significant way to realize the sustainable development of railway projects,in which the selection of suppliers,location of logistics facilities,route planning,inventory management,and recycling of waste were the core and critical issues of railway construction supply chain management.Based on the characteristics of the supply chain management of railway construction in China,an integrated optimization model for the sustainable supply chain network design of railway engineering construction was proposed.Meanwhile,the corresponding two-stage solution framework was proposed.In the first stage,the fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to determine the best supplier selection according to the sustainability index system.While in the second stage,the multi-period,multi-objective supply chain network integrated decision optimization model was given,which was based on fuzzy programming,to determine the optimal logistics facility location,inventory control strategy and optimal flow assignment among the supply chain network.The above optimization model aimed to minimize the total cost,carbon emissions,and maximize social benefits of the supply chain with the uncertainties of the transportation process.According to the characteristics of the proposed optimization model,an improved forbearing stratified sequencing method was given.Finally,a case study on the Fengxiongshang Railway Project in China was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the above solution framework and algorithm.The sensitivity analysis of three key parameters,namely unit freight rate,unit transport carbon emission,and disposal rate,was conducted.The results of the study are shown as follows.(1)The strategy of bulk discount benefits greatly in saving the purchasing cost by joint purchase method of purchasing.(2)The selection of transport mode and routing optimization show significant impact on the efficiency and sustainable performance of the whole supply chain system.(3)To promote the use of new energy sources is the most effective method to reduce carbon emissions compared to managerial measures.(4)The improvement of social benefits inevitably requires higher costs,and rational initiative subsidy policies of authorities are crucial to enhance the motivation of enterprises.(5)In the long run,waste recycling in the construction industry will become an important method,moreover,and its corresponding technology and application should be emphasized.