活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性研究

Adaptability study of yaw damper with through piston rod in railway vehicles

活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器因活塞杆在活塞上下工作腔所占的截面积相等,且活塞上拉伸阻尼阀、压缩阻尼阀参数一致,因此在拉伸和压缩行程中工作腔内的油液通过阻尼阀的流量相等,从而产生相等的阻尼力,使之具有高度对称的动、静态性能,可以弥补双油路抗蛇行减振器静态性能对称性差、单油路抗蛇行减振器动态性能对称性差的不足。首先,基于活塞杆贯通式、双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器的工作原理和结构参数,建立3种抗蛇行减振器的数值仿真模型;然后,通过减振器性能试验对模型进行验证,对比研究3种抗蛇行减振器仿真下的动、静态性能对称性;最后,利用Simulink将车辆模型和抗蛇行减振器模型进行动力学联合仿真,对比研究小锥度曲线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和双油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的曲线稳定性以及大锥度直线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和单油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果表明:活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器动、静态性能对称性都优异,且都好于双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器;小锥度曲线工况下,相比于双油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步抑制转向架1.2 Hz左右的摇头振动,提高车辆的曲线稳定性;大锥度直线工况下,相比于单油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步显著抑制转向架8 Hz以下的摇头振动,提高车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果为活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性优势提供理论依据。

Since the piston rod occupies the same cross-sectional area in the upper and lower operating chambers of the piston,and the parameters of the rebound damping valve and compression damping valve on the piston are consistent.Therefore,the flow of the hydraulic oil in the operating chambers through the damping valves is the same during the rebound stroke and compression stroke,thereby generating the same damping force.The yaw damper with through piston rod has highly symmetrical dynamic and static performance,which can compensate for the poor symmetry of the static performance of yaw damper with oil double orientation flowing and the dynamic performance of yaw damper with oil single orientation flowing.Firstly,based on the operating principles and structural parameters of the yaw damper with through piston rod and the yaw damper with oil double orientation flowing and the yaw damper with oil single orientation flowing,three numerical simulation models of the yaw dampers were respectively established.Then the models were validated by the yaw damper performance tests.The dynamic performance symmetry and the static performance symmetry of the three types of the yaw dampers were compared by simulation.Finally,the dynamic co-simulation of the vehicle model and the yaw damper models was carried out using Simulink,comparing the curve stability of the railway vehicle equipped with the yaw damper with through piston rod and the yaw damper with oil double orientation flowing under low wheel-rail equivalent conicity and on a curved track.The straight-line stability of the railway vehicle equipped with the yaw damper with through piston rod and the yaw damper with oil single orientation flowing under high wheel-rail equivalent conicity and on a straight track.The research results are shown as follows.The dynamic performance symmetry and the static performance symmetry of the yaw damper with through piston rod are excellent and superior to those of the yaw damper with oil double orientation flowing and the yaw damper with oil single orientation flowing.Under low wheel-rail equivalent conicity and on curved track conditions,the vehicle equipped with the yaw damper with through piston rod compared with the yaw damper with oil double orientation flowing can increase the nonlinear critical speed,further suppressing the bogie’s yaw vibration at about 1.2 Hz,and improving the vehicle’s curve stability.Under high wheel-rail equivalent conicity and on straight track conditions,the vehicle equipped with the yaw damper with through piston rod compared with the yaw damper with oil single orientation flowing can increase the nonlinear critical speed,further significantly suppressing the bogie’s yaw vibration below 8 Hz,and improving the vehicle’s straight-line stability.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the advantages of the adaptability of the yaw damper with through piston rod in railway vehicles.