隧道施工人员安全风险双网耦合模型设计及应用

Design and application of a dual-coupling network model for safety risk relationship of tunnel construction worker

施工人员作为施工活动的执行主体,他们之间会因为作业活动的合作产生风险共担关系,又因工序衔接产生风险传导关系,然而尚未出现一种有效合理的方式对施工人员之间安全风险关系进行研究。本文引入双网耦合原理,运用社会网络分析(SNA)构建隧道施工人员安全风险关系模型,用于显性化施工人员之间的风险关系,为研究隧道施工安全风险提供新视角和预防隧道安全风险发生提供新工具。首先通过WBS(Work Breakdown Structure,即工作分解结构)-RBS(Risk Breakdown Structure,即风险分解结构)法识别隧道施工安全风险因素并确定施工活动与风险因素之间的耦合关系,通过OBS(Organization Breakdown Structure,即组织分解结构)-WBS法确定隧道施工人员集并确定施工人员与施工活动之间的耦合关系;依据施工进度网络计划图显性化施工活动之间的依赖关系;依据施工人员、施工活动和安全风险因素三者之间的耦合关系和施工活动之间的依赖关系,将施工活动网络转换为施工人员风险关系网络;采取中心度分析,对施工人员在风险关系网络中的角色定位进行探讨;最后以广东密州隧道作为典型案例,验证该模型对研究施工人员之间风险关系的有效性。结果表明:不同施工人员在风险关系网络中扮演的角色不同,其中施工项目管理人员承担影响者角色,施工现场管理人员承担中介风险传导角色以及施工现场作业人员承担受影响者角色居多。基于双网耦合铁路施工人员安全风险关系模型可帮助施工管理者了解不同施工人员在安全管理中的角色定位与任务分工,从而提出针对性安全管控建议,提高人员安全管理效率。

As the primary executors of construction activities,construction workers have a risk-sharing relationship due to cooperation in activities,and a risk transmission relationship due to process connections.However,there has not yet been an effective or reasonable way to study the risk relationship between construction workers.Therefore,this article introduced the principle of dual network coupling and utilizes social network analysis(SNA)to develop a model that visualizes the safety risk relationships among tunnel construction workers.This model offered a fresh perspective for studying tunnel construction safety risks and serves as a new tool for preventing the occurrence of safety loss.The model first identifies construction safety risk factors(CSRFs)using the WBS-RBS method,which determined the coupling relationship between construction activities and CSRFs.The set of construction workers was determined using the OBS-WBS method,and it determined the coupling relationship between construction workers and construction activities.The construction schedule network plan was utilized to clarify the interactive relationships among construction activities.Subsequently,based on the coupling relationships among construction workers,construction activities,and CSRFs,the construction activity network is transformed into a construction workers’risk relationship network through social network analysis(SNA).The role positioning of construction workers was further explored through centrality degree analysis.Finally,the model was applied to the Mizhou Tunnel in Guangdong as a case study to analyze the risk relationships among construction workers and determine their role positioning.The results indicate that different construction personnel occupy distinct roles within the risk relationship network.Construction project managers assume the role of influencers,construction site managers act as intermediaries in risk transmission,and construction site operators are primarily affected parties.The results can enable construction managers to gain a deeper understanding of the role positioning and task allocation of various personnel in safety management.As a result,targeted safety control suggestions can be proposed to enhance personnel safety management efficiency.