贵阳夜市灰尘多环芳烃残留现状与健康风险评估

PAHs Residues in Dust of Guiyang City’s Night Markets:Current Status and Health Risk Assessment

该研究对贵阳市4个主要夜市区域的店铺及附近小区灰尘中16种优控多环芳烃含量进行测定。结果发现,夜市区域的店铺灰尘多环芳烃平均含量显著高于附近小区。店铺灰尘中,3~5环多环芳烃的检出率均达到100%,小区灰尘中,仅4环高分子量多环芳烃检出率达到100%。店铺与小区灰尘中,4~6环高分子量多环芳烃平均含量均为2~3环低分子量多环芳烃的2倍以上,4~6环高分子量多环芳烃占所有多环芳烃含量的60%,为主要成分。多环芳烃异构体特征比值结果说明,店铺与小区灰尘中不同环数多环芳烃有一定比例来自夜市烹饪处石油化石燃料、生物质与煤等燃烧污染源。店铺灰尘中的多环芳烃,在儿童经口摄入与皮肤接触2条暴露途径上存在潜在致癌风险,成人在皮肤接触途径存在潜在致癌风险。

This article describes a survey conducted in four main night-markets and nearby communities in Guiyang City,focusing on 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)contained in the dust around the shops and communities in the vicinity.So the determination of PAHs was thereby carried out,and the results showed that the average content of PAHs in dust over the night-markets was notably higher than that in nearby residential communities,and contained in the dust samples collected in the night-markets,the detection rate of PAHs with 3~5 rings was 100%,while only PAHs with 4 ring that belong to high molecular weight was 100%detected in the dust of nearby residential communities;and as to the dust of shops and resi-dential communities,the average content of PAHs with 4~6 rings was more than twice that of 2~3 rings that belong to low molecular weight,and being the main component the PAHs with 4-6 rings accounted for 60%of the total PAHs(ΣPAHs).Furthermore,the ratio of PAHs isomers toΣPAHs having been detected suggested that a certain proportion of PAHs with different rings in the dust of shops and residential areas was derived from combustion pollution sources such as burning petro-leum fossil fuels,biomass,and coal in the night-market cooking areas.It should be noted that PAHs in the dust of night-mar-kets pose a carcinogenic health risk in both oral and skin exposure pathways to children,while to adults,only through skin exposure pathway.