正念训练对4、5岁幼儿执行功能的影响

Effects of Mindfulness Training on Executive Function in 4-and 5-year-olds

为探讨正念训练对4、5岁幼儿执行功能的影响,实验采用2(组别:实验组,控制组)×2(年龄:4岁,5岁)×2(测量时间:前测,后测)的混合实验设计,对实验组幼儿开展为期4周、每周5次的正念训练。控制组幼儿在相同的时间和环境下,参加20次阅读和听故事活动,不参与正念训练。研究结果表明:(1)正念训练能够提升4、5岁幼儿的抑制控制,5岁组优于4岁组;(2)正念训练能提升5岁幼儿的工作记忆;(3)正念训练能提升4、5岁幼儿的认知灵活性,5岁组优于4岁组。

The present study adopted a mixed experimental design of 2(group:experimental group,control group)×2(age:four years old,five years old)×2(measurement time:pre-test,post-test)to explore the effects of mindfulness training on the executive function of 4 and 5-year-old children,In the experimental group,the children participated in mindfulness training five times a week for four weeks while the children in the control group took part in 20 reading and story listening activities at the same time and environment and did not participate in mindfulness training.The results showed that:(1)mindfulness training could improve the inhibitory control of 4 and 5-year-old children,and the 5-year-old group was better than the 4-year-old group;(2)mindfulness training can improve the working memory of children aged five years;(3)mindfulness training can improve the cognitive flexibility of children aged 4 and 5,and the 5-year-old group is better than the 4-year-old group.