“双危”还是“保护”?自我类别效价对刻板印象改变的影响

Double Jeopardy or Protection?The Influence of the Self-Category’s Valence on Stereotype Change

双危假说认为,与单一消极类别群体相比,人们对双消极类别群体的刻板印象改变更消极。为检验评价者自我类别效价是否构成双危假说的边界条件,研究1激活被试的消极类别来考察评价双方共享一个消极类别后的刻板印象改变,研究2情境化启动被试的现实类别以考察被试与双类别评价对象共享类别后的刻板印象改变。结果发现:(1)面对双消极类别群体,积极自我类别者的刻板印象改变恶化,表现出“双危”特征,消极自我类别者的刻板印象改变不显著,表现出“保护”特征。(2)消极自我类别评价者对双外积极群体的刻板印象改变更积极,积极自我类别评价者对与自己共享一个积极类别的双类别群体的刻板印象改变更积极。总的来说,刻板印象改变受到评价者自我类别效价的调节。

The Double-jeopardy hypothesis posits that compared to a single negative social category group,people’s stereotypes change more negatively towards dual negative category groups.In order to test whether the self-category valence of the evaluator constitutes a boundary condition for the Double-jeopardy Hypothesis,study 1 activated the negative category of the subjects to examine the change in stereotypes after both the evaluator and the target share a negative category,study 2 primed the subjects’real categories to examine the change in stereotypes after the subjects share a category with the dual-category target.The results found:(1)Facing dual negative category groups,the stereotype change of those with a positive self-category worsened,showing the“dual threat”characteristic,while the stereotype change of those with a negative self-category was not significant,showing a“protective”characteristic.(2)Evaluators with a negative self-category have a more positive change in stereotypes towards dual out-group positive groups,while evaluators with a positive self-category have a more positive change in stereotypes towards dual-category groups that share a positive category with themselves.Overall,stereotype change is moderated by the evaluator’s self-category valence.