利用小鼠结肠类器官预测化疗药物肠道不良反应的研究

Research on predicting intestinal adverse reactions to chemotherapy drugs using mouse colon organoids

目的:利用小鼠结肠类器官预测化疗药物肠道不良反应,为部分化疗不耐受的患者寻求更为安全的替代方式,并探究类器官预测肠道不良反应的临床应用潜能。方法:本研究将正常小鼠结肠隐窝细胞进行3D培养;制备结肠组织和类器官石蜡切片,分别进行苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组织化学染色(CDX2、Ki67和CK19);使用5种化疗药物处理结肠类器官,并检测细胞活性以研究药物的肠道不良反应;分析本研究与临床实际用药引起的胃肠不良反应发生率的一致性。结果:结肠类器官与结肠组织在组织学特征上高度一致;正常结肠类器官对于不同化疗药物的耐受性存在差异;IC50表明,卡培他滨对小鼠结肠类器官的杀伤力最小,而脂质体紫杉醇的杀伤力最强;将临床用药浓度纳入考虑标准后发现,白蛋白紫杉醇和脂质体紫杉醇的类器官抑制率存在明显差异;临床试验结果显示,白蛋白紫杉醇、表柔比星、卡培他滨和环磷酰胺Ⅲ/Ⅳ级腹泻发生率与对应类器官抑制率较为一致。结论:结合临床用药剂量,建议优先选择白蛋白紫杉醇,避免使用脂质体紫杉醇,以提高化疗耐受性。本研究表明正常结肠类器官可用于预测多数化疗药物相关严重腹泻的发生。

Objective:To predict the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs using healthy murine colon organoids.It aimed to identify safer alternative treatments for patients intolerant to certain chemotherapy regimens and demonstrate the potential clinical applications of organoids in predicting gastrointestinal side effects.Methods:Healthy mouse colonic crypt cells were cultured in 3D.Paraffin sections of colon tissues and organoids were subsequently prepared,followed by haematoxylin and eosinand immunohistochemical staining(CDX2,Ki67,and CK19).The colonic organoids were treated with five chemotherapeutic drugs,and cell activity was assessed to determine their intestinal toxicity.The consistency of the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects observed in this study and in clinical practice were analyzed by comparing the results to the published literature.Results:The histological characteristics of the colon organoids were highly consistent with those of the original colon tissues.The tolerance of normal colon organoids to different chemotherapeutic drugs was variable.Capecitabine had the least cytotoxic effect on mouse colon organoids,whereas paclitaxel liposomes showed the strongest cytotoxic effect when IC50 was the only consideration.Considering clinical drug concentrations,a significant difference was observed in the organoid inhibition rates between albumin paclitaxel and liposomal paclitaxel.Statistical analysis of clinical trial data showed that the incidence of gradeⅢ/Ⅳdiarrhea caused by albumin paclitaxel,epirubicin,capecitabine,and cyclophosphamide was consistent with the corresponding organoid inhibition rates.Conclusions:Combining clinical drug doses,we recommend prioritizing albumin paclitaxel and avoiding the use of liposomal paclitaxel to improve chemotherapy tolerance.This study demonstrates that normal colon organoids can effectively predict the occurrence of severe diarrhea associated with most chemotherapeutic drugs.