免疫检查点B7-H4在消化系统恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Research progress on B7-H4 immune checkpoint in malignant digestive system tumors

消化系统恶性肿瘤是中国癌症相关死亡的重要原因之一,其复杂的分子机制一直是临床和基础研究领域的焦点。B7-H4作为免疫球蛋白超家族B7家族的一员,具备多种生物学功能,主要通过抑制T细胞的活化和增殖、阻断细胞因子的合成来降低免疫响应。该蛋白在多种肿瘤组织中表达增高,与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡以及侵袭和转移密切相关,并且其表达水平与患者的预后紧密相连。尽管B7-H4在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用,但其具体作用机制尚待进一步明确。本文就消化系统恶性肿瘤中B7-H4的研究进展进行综述,以期为未来的研究提供新的方向。

Malignant digestive system tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China,drawing significant attention in clinical and basic research owing to their complex molecular mechanisms.B7-H4,a member of the B7 protein family within the immunoglobulin superfamily,exerts various biological functions,primarily inhibiting T-cell activation and proliferation and blocking cytokine synthesis,thereby suppressing the immune response.Overexpression of B7-H4 in various tumor tissues is closely associated with tumor cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,invasion,metastasis,and correlates with patient prognosis.Despite its crucial role in tumor onset and progression,the specific mechanism of B7-H4 action remains unclear.This article reviews the research progress on B7-H4 in gastrointestinal tumors,aiming to provide new perspectives for future studies.