马克思主义政治经济学考古理论框架探论

Research on the Archaeological Theory and Methods about the Marxist Political Economy

马克思主义政治经济学是世界范围内最优秀的政治经济学理论,直击人类社会政治经济关系的本质。以马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理为基础,结合考古资料与考古学研究的特性,重构考古学理论,创新出相应的理论框架和方法论,对考古学未来的发展将有更多启发和推进。具体而言,可将生产力、生产关系与上层建筑,分解为考古学能够辨识与研究的实物资料,即劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象。将占统治地位的社会经济基础里的生产资料所有制形式,分解为劳动资料所有制、劳动对象所有制两个考察项;将生产关系分为生产与分配、生产与交换、生产与消费三大关系来考察。在考察判定了占统治地位的生产力和生产关系之后,我们便可以总结出该社会主要生产方式特征,也就是该社会形态的主要特征之一。上层建筑包括社会组织体系和精神文化两大方面,我们可据此分解为社会组织与政体、精神文化两大考察项。

The Marxist Political Economy is the most distinguished political economy theory across the world,because it directly explores the essential nature of the political economy.Based on the basic principles of the Marxist Political Economy,and according to archaeological evidence and research,we can reconstruct the archaeological theory to create the new theory and methods.It could offer more potential benefits for future archaeology.Practically,we can transform the productivity,production relations and superstructure into the laborers,labor materials,and labor objects,which could be archaeologically recognized.The dominant ownership forms of production materials in the social economic foundation can be divided into two considering items:the ownership forms of labor materials and labor objects.Production relations are involved into the relationships between the production and distribution,production and exchange,production and consumption.Given the consideration about the dominant productivity and production relations,one can figure out the principle production forms of a certain society,namely one of the most significant attributes of its social formation.The superstucture is composed of the social organizations and intellectual culture.Based on this,the superstucture can analysed in terms of social organizations and polities,as well as the intellectual culture.