多极世界的地缘政治:分散式心脏地带

Geopolitics in a Multipolar World: Distributed Heartland

基于对世界多极化发展的现实分析,本文重点阐述了古典地缘政治学的心脏地带向潜在的、分散式心脏地带的地缘政治转变。在古典地缘政治学中,陆地文明和海洋文明之间的二元对立与对“心脏地带”的利益争夺对于地缘政治分析至关重要。随着“单极时刻”的衰退和多极世界格局的形成,俄罗斯、中国、印度等国家在维护陆地文明方面发挥着举足轻重的作用,在此背景下开始出现“单一心脏地带”向“分散式心脏地带”过渡的地缘政治转变。同时,伊斯兰世界、非洲和拉丁美洲等地区也在寻求联合与合作的可能。海洋文明在全球政治中的地位受到挑战,多极化趋势不可逆转。俄罗斯正积极推动世界多极化发展,与中国、印度等国家一起站在反对西方单极霸权、反抗自由主义-全球主义道路的前列。

Based on a realistic analysis of the development of multipolarity in the world, this paper focuses on the geopolitical shift from the classical heartland of traditional geopolitics to a potential, distributed heartland.In classical geopolitics, the dichotomy between continental and maritime civilizations and the struggle for control of the “heartland” is crucial to geopolitical analysis. With the decline of the “unipolar moment” and the emergence of a multipolar world, countries such as Russia, China and India play key roles in defending continental civilizations. This shift represents a transition from a “one heartland” to a “distributed heartland”. Simultaneously, regions such as the Islamic World, Africa and Latin America are seeking opportunities for unification and cooperation. The status of Maritime civilization in global politics is being questioned, and the trend towards multipolarity appears irreversible.Russia actively promotes multipolar development and, along with China, India and other countries, leads the resistance against the unipolar hegemony of the West and the liberal-globalization agenda.