“生产属性”:一个公共服务属性研究的新维度

“Production Attribute”:A New Dimension of Public Service Attribute Research

公共服务的属性可分为共有属性与差异属性,前者从“向外”的视角区分公共服务与私人服务,后者从“向内”的视角识别不同公共服务间的差异。其中,公共性是公共服务的共有属性;作为“消费属性”的非排他性与非竞争性、作为“交易属性”的资产专用性与合同监管难度是公共服务的差异属性。既有研究对处于“生产”环节的公共服务属性讨论不足。根据奥斯特罗姆“生产与提供可分”提出公共服务的“生产属性”,具体包括常态下公共服务的协作性和规模经济性,以及非常态下公共服务的应急性。相较于其他属性,公共服务的“生产属性”关注公共服务在初始生产环节的特点,更适合作为分析公共服务供给机制选择的逻辑起点。

The attributes of public service can be divided into common attributes and differential attributes.The former distinguishes public services from private services,while the latter identifies the differences between vari-ous public services.Among these,publicity is a common attribute,whereas“consumption attribute”and“transaction attribute”are differential attributes.Existing research has not addressed the attributes of public service in the“production”link.Therefore,this paper introduces the“production attribute”of public service based on Ostrom’s perspective that“production and provision can be separated.”This attribute encompasses the cooperation and economies of scale in public services under normal conditions,and the emergency of public serv-ices under abnormal conditions.Compared to other attributes,the“production attribute”focuses on the charac-teristics of public services in the initial production phase,making it a more suitable logical starting point for ana-lyzing the selection of public service supply mechanisms.