细菌与肿瘤的关系

The relationship between bacteria and tumors

人体携带有数以万亿计的细菌,其中大部分细菌与人体之间已经形成互惠互利的共生关系。细菌群落失调或者病原细菌感染会通过炎症以及分泌代谢物对人类健康产生负面影响,从而导致各种疾病的发生,这其中也包括肿瘤。细菌可以影响人体内肿瘤的发生发展,一方面细菌可以通过诱导慢性炎症、引起DNA损伤、激活核心致瘤信号通路等机制促进肿瘤的发生;另一方面又可以通过自身的溶瘤作用或者激活适应性免疫细胞来抑制肿瘤生长,此外通过基因工程修饰,一些被设计成低毒高效的药物输送的细菌已经成功地用在动物模型或临床试验中的肿瘤治疗。该文从细菌是如何促进肿瘤和肿瘤治疗上的应用两个方面综述近期有关细菌和肿瘤发生发展的相关文献,以期为肿瘤的治疗提供一种新的治疗思路。

The human body carries trillions of bacteria,most of which have formed a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body.Dysregulation of bacterial communities or infection by pathogenic bacteria can have a negative impact on human health through inflammation and secretion of metabolites,leading to the occurrence of various diseases,including tumors.Bacteria can affect the occurrence and development of tumors in the human body.On the one hand,bacteria can promote the occurrence of tumors by inducing chronic inflammation,causing DNA damage,activating core oncogenic signaling pathways,and other mechanisms.On the other hand,tumor growth can be suppressed through its own oncolytic activity or activation of adaptive immune cells.In addition,through genetic engineering modification,some bacteria designed as low toxicity and efficient drug delivery have been successfully used in animal models or clinical trials for tumor treatment.This article reviews recent literature on how bacteria promote the development of tumors and their applications in cancer treatment,with the aim of providing a new therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.