粉垄耕作与绿肥还田对土壤酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响

Advantages of Fenlong Tillage and Green Manure Use on Soil Enzyme Activity and Sugarcane Yield

【目的】探明不同耕作和绿肥还田方式对长期连作蔗地土壤养分、酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设置4个处理:传统旋耕甘蔗单作(TCK)、粉垄耕作甘蔗单作(FLCK)、粉垄耕作甘蔗/大豆还田甘蔗根部(FLG)和大豆还田宽行(FLK)。测定土壤有机质、速效养分含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及甘蔗产量品质。【结果】(1)耕作方式和绿肥还田对土壤养分和酶活性影响显著。与TCK相比,所有处理的根部和宽行土壤有机质含量显著提高(P<0.05),增幅40.6%~76.7%。FLG、FLK和FLCK处理根部土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量比TCK显著提高,增幅16.1%~41.8%。(2)所有处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性比TCK提高(FLG处理宽行土壤脲酶活性除外)0.7%~166.7%。(3)FLG、FLK和FLCK处理的2年平均产量显著高于TCK,增幅13.1%~30.5%;FLG和FLK处理的2年平均产量显著高于FLCK,增幅9.9%~15.3%;其中以FLG处理平均产量最高,为86043 kg·hm-2。FLG、FLK和FLCK处理的蔗糖分、锤度、重力纯度、视纯度和转光度均比TCK高。(4)甘蔗产量与土壤脲酶活性显著正相关,与土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性、有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量极显著正相关。【结论】利用粉垄耕作结合绿肥还田可以提高连作蔗地土壤养分、土壤酶活性和甘蔗产质量;结合田间操作的便捷性,本地区生产推荐应用粉垄耕作结合绿肥还田到宽行的模式。

【Objective】Effects of practices of tillage and green manure utilization on fertility and enzyme activity of soil and yield of sugarcane crop under a continuous cultivation were evaluated.【Method】On a sugarcane field,the traditional rotary tillage(TCK),Fenlong tillage(FLCK),Fenlong tillage with sugarcane and soybean discards returned to sugarcane roots(FLG),and soybean discards returned to wide rows(FLK)were applied with a random block design.Contents of organic matter and available nutrients and activities of urease,saccharase,acid phosphatase,and catalase as well as yield and quality of sugarcane crop under treatments were compared.【Result】(1)The treatments induced significantly varied effects on the fertility and enzyme activity of the soil.The 40.6%to 76.7%organic matter contents in the soil around the roots and wide rows were significantly higher than that of TCK(P<0.05).FLG,FLK,and FLCK significantly raised the available N and P in the soil around the roots with an increase of 16.1%–41.8%.(2)The activities of urease(except under FLG),sucrase,acid phosphatase,and catalase in the soil under FLG,FLK,and FLCK were 0.7-166.7%higher than those under TCK.(3)The 2-year average sugarcane yields under FLG,FLK,and FLCK were 13.1%–30.5%higher than under TCK.Those of FLG and FLK were significantly higher than that of FLCK by 9.9%–15.3%with FLG showing the highest average of 86043 kg·hm-2.The sucrose content,brix,gravity purity,apparent purity,and pol of sugarcane grown under FLG,FLK,and FLCK were higher than those under TCK.(4)The sugarcane yield significantly correlated with soil urease activity,and extremely significantly correlated with soil sucrase,acid phosphatase,catalase activity,organic matter,available N,and available P.【Conclusion】Fenlong tillage with green manure returned to the land significantly improved the nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the soil as well as the sugarcane yield and quality on a continuous cropping field.Ease for field operation,Fenlong tillage using green manure on wide rows was recommended for local farming.