加工型辣椒氮、磷、钾优化施肥模式研究

NPK Fertilization Optimized for Cultivating Chili Peppers for Processing

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾不同施肥量配比对加工型辣椒产量和品质的影响,明确加工型辣椒高产、优质的氮、磷、钾适宜施用量配比,为加工型辣椒合理施肥提供依据。【方法】采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次饱和D-最优设计,以加工型辣椒品种明椒9号为供试材料,建立氮、磷、钾施肥量编码值与产量、加工品质的效应函数。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥对辣椒产量和加工品质的影响显著,均表现为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥,表明钾是影响辣椒产量和加工品质的重要因素。单因子效应分析表明,当氮、磷、钾肥的最高施用量分别为151.10、59.28、306.78kg·hm^(-2)时,辣椒产量达到最高;当氮、磷、钾肥的最高施用量分别为148.59、59.34、291.66 kg·hm^(-2)时,辣椒加工品质达到最佳。互作效应中,氮磷、氮钾、磷钾互作对辣椒产量和加工品质影响显著,两者配施对辣椒产量和加工品质的提高具有较强的促进作用。模型寻优表明,辣椒产量超过29000 kg·hm^(-2),在95%置信区间,氮、磷、钾肥适宜施用量分别为109.24~174.43、44.40~78.95、213.85~287.95 kg·hm^(-2);辣椒品质综合评分在80分以上,在95%置信区间,氮、磷、钾肥适宜施用量分别为63.08~115.23、42.26~72.50、211.23~292.23 kg·hm^(-2)。【结论】辣椒产量达29000 kg·hm^(-2)、加工品质综合评分达80分以上的施肥方案为氮肥109.24~115.23 kg·hm^(-2),磷肥44.40~72.50kg·hm^(-2),钾肥213.85~287.95 kg·hm^(-2),适宜的氮、磷、钾肥施用量比例约为1.00~1.05∶0.41~0.6∶1.96~2.64。

【Objective】NPK fertilization to maximize the yield and quality of chili peppers for processing was formulated.【Method】An experiment of quadratic saturation D-optimal design with three factors of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was applied to optimize the formulation targeted to maximize the yield and quality of Mingjiao 9 chili peppers for further processing.【Result】Significant effects on chili pepper yield and processing quality were found to be K>P>N.The optimal amount of N,P2O5,K2O was 151.10,59.28,306.78 kg·hm^(-2)to reach the greatest yield,and 148.59,59.34,291.66 kg·hm^(-2)to achieve the most desirable quality.The combinations of N and P,N and K,and P and K also exerted significant enhancing effects on the chili pepper yield and quality.The optimized fertilizations with a predicted yield exceeding 29,000 kg·hm^(-2)at 95%confidence level called for the application N,P2O5,and K2O at 109.24-174.43 kg·hm^(-2),44.40-78.95 kg·hm^(-2),and 213.85-287.95 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,while for a score above 80 on overall chili pepper quality,the application of 63.08-115.23 kg·hm^(-2),42.26-72.50 kg·hm^(-2),and 211.23-292.23 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,were determined.【Conclusion】Experimentally optimized NPK fertilizations for chili pepper cultivation to provide a yield of 29000 kg·hm^(-2)and a quality score of 80 or higher were formulated.To accomplish the goal on yield as well as quality,the formulation would include the ranges of 109.24-115.23 kg·hm^(-2)on N,44.40-72.50 kg·hm^(-2)on P2O5,and 213.85-287.95 kg·hm^(-2)on K2O with a N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio of 1-1.05∶0.41-0.6∶1.96-2.64.