清代前期台湾厂战船修造制度研究

The Warship Repair System in the Taiwan Shipyard in the Early Qing Dynasty

清代前期,台湾厂承担台湾地区、澎湖水师战船修造任务。乾隆时期,台、澎水师主力战船是赶缯船和双篷船;嘉庆、道光时期,主力战船为米艇、同安梭和白底艍船。台湾厂造船原料主要采购自闽江上游山区,通过商船海运到台湾地区。造船经费全部为公款,包括部拨“正价”、司库“津贴”和台湾府“耗羡”。由于清朝战船修造制度僵化,在原料上涨和营员“挑剔百端”情况下,要求企业经手人自掏腰包,通过“赔贴”完成修造任务,是违背常理的。尤其是公款动支、报销制度非常严格,虽在某种程度上起到了节约成本、防止冒领浮费的作用,而不良后果则是堵死了企业内部通过技术改良的发展路径。

In the early Qing dynasty,the Taiwan shipyards undertook the task of repairing the warships of based in the Penghu Islands and Taiwan region.During the Qianlong reign,the main warships of Taiwan and Penghu Squadrons were destroyers and double-decked ships.During the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns,the main warships were rice boats,tong-an-suo and white-bottomed ships.The raw materials for shipbuilding in the Taiwan Shipyard were mainly purchased from the mountainous areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and transported to Taiwan region by merchant ships.All shipbuilding funds for public funds,including the“price”allocated by the Ministry,“subsidy”provided by the Treasury and“tax surcharges”from the Taiwan province.Due to the rigidity of the warship repair system in the Qing dynasty,it was unreasonable to require the managers of the enterprises to pay out of their own pockets and complete the repairs on speculation when the cost of raw materials was rising,and military officials were very“picky”.The public funding and reimbursement system was particularly strict,and though to a certain extent,was cost-saving and prevented fraud.However it had the negative consequences of hindering development of shipyards through internal technical improvements.