新媒体使用与社会阶层认同偏移——基于CGSS数据的实证研究

New Media Usage and Social Class Identity Shift: An Empirical Study Based on CGSS Data

进入新时代,以互联网技术为基础的新媒体,如网络媒体、手机媒体、网络电视等迅猛发展。人们获取信息的途径和交流方式发生了巨大的变化,新媒体深刻地影响着人们的生活与社会关系,并对人们的主观社会阶层认同亦是产生了深远影响。基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2015年至2021年混合截面数据,文章实证分析了新媒体使用对居民社会阶层认同偏移的影响,并进一步探究其可能存在的地区及受教育程度异质性。研究发现:第一,新媒体使用频率越高,居民社会阶层认同向下偏移的概率越大。第二,新媒体使用频率的增加,显著提升了居民社会阶层流动感知和社会阶层流动预期向下偏移的概率。第三,新媒体使用对居民社会阶层认同向下偏移的影响存在显著的区域及受教育程度异质性。东部地区新媒体使用频率对居民社会阶层认同向下偏移的影响高于中西部地区,个体受教育程度的提高有助于减缓新媒体使用频率对居民阶层认同向下偏移的影响。

In the new era,the rapid development of new media based on Internet technology,such as online media,mobile media,and online television,profoundly affects people’s lives and social relationships.There has been a significant change in how people acquire information and communicate,thus profoundly influencing individuals’subjective identification with their social strata.Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)spanning from 2015 to 2021,this paper empirically examines the impact of new media usage on residents’deviation in social class identification and further explores potential regional and educational heterogeneities.The findings are as follows.Firstly,the higher the frequency of new media usage,the greater the probability of downward deviation in residents’social class identification.Secondly,an increase in the frequency of new media usage significantly enhances residents’perception of social class mobility and the probability of downward deviation in their expectations of social class mobility.Thirdly,the impact of new media usage on residents’downward deviation in social class identification exhibits significant regional and educational heterogeneities.In the eastern region,the influence of new media usage frequency on residents’downward deviation in social class identification is higher compared to the central and western regions,while an increase in individual education levels helps mitigate the impact of new media usage frequency on residents’downward deviation in social class identification.