基于目的语参照的汉语学习者“把”字句习得考察

A Study on the Acquisition of“Ba”Construction by CSL Learners with Reference to the Target Language

本文以基于用法的语言习得观和联结主义为基础,采用目的语参照的语料库对比分析方法,考察了不同水平的汉语学习者对“把”字句句法结构类型的使用情况,并比较了不同类型的“把”字句对“把”后名词、动词的选用情况。研究发现:(1)动补式和动宾式是学习者最常用的“把”字句句法结构类型,状动式、动体式次之,连谓式和致使式较少使用,初级学习者对动补式的使用远多于母语者,但对动宾式使用不足。(2)与母语者相比,初中级学习者采用动宾式结构对“把”后名词、采用动补式结构对“把”后动词以及初中高级学习者采用动补式结构对“把”后名词的选用存在较大差异。(3)随着语言水平的提高,学习者对动补式、动宾式“把”字句及其名词、动词成分的选用逐渐接近母语者。

According to the usage-based language acquisition theory and connectionism theory,a corpus-based contrastive analysis is conducted with reference to the target language to investigate the overall use of the“Ba”syntactic structure types by CSL(Chinese as a second language)learners of different profi ciency levels,and compares the acquisition performance of each component(nouns and verbs after the“Ba”)in different types of“Ba”Construction.The results show that:1)verb-complement and verb-object structure are the most used“Ba”Construction by learners,followed by adverbial-verb and verb-aspect structure,while the serial verb and causative structure are less frequently used.Elementary learners use the verb-complement structure more often than native speakers,but use the verb-object structure less.2)Compared with native speakers,elementary and intermediate learners have very differences in the selection of nouns after the“Ba”used in the verb-object structure,as well as the selection of verbs after the“Ba”used in the verb-complement structure,and learners of all proficiency levels also selected differently of nouns in the verb-complement structure.3)As profi ciency levels improve,learners’use of verb-complement and verb-object structure and their nouns and verbs after the“Ba”gradually approach that of native speakers.