身份、待遇与生存发展空间——北宋西北边疆蕃官与蕃兵再探

Further Investigation on the Identity,Compensation,and Development Spaces of “Fan” (None-Han Ethnic) Officials and Armies in the Northern Song Dynasty’s Northwest Border

在宋、夏对峙格局下,宋朝对西北边疆归顺的部族大体以族帐除授军职实职官和以功次除授武官阶虚职官。北宋陕西路蕃官体量十分庞大,元丰初约占全国汉蕃官员总数的五分之一,俸禄支出占比却较小。蕃官非常重视军赏,把立军功作为升迁的主要途径。那时蕃兵的指代范围进一步得到扩大,不仅包括宋朝境内的蕃兵,还指代直辖郡县之外的部族兵。蕃兵在神宗前以归顺的部族兵为主体,以招募的蕃部兵员为补充,神宗后以招募的蕃弓箭手为主要组成部分。招募的弓箭手以田土作为主要经济来源,其经济收入明显高于部族兵,甚至高于禁军的平均收入水平,这进一步丰富了学界对蕃兵经济待遇的认识。

The Song Dynasty granted honorary ranks to the tribal armies that surrendered on the northwest boundary in recognition of their achievements during the conflict between the Xia and Song Dynasties.During the early Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty,the number of“Fan”(蕃,none-Han ethnic)officials was relatively high,accounting for almost one-fifth of all officials in the country;however,pay expenditures accounted for a relatively small portion of this total.Fan officials highly prize military awards,perceiving them as the primary means of advancing in rank.In addition to Fan soldiers who served throughout the Song Dynasty,the definition of Fan army has been further expanded to encompass tribal troops outside of centrally governed areas.Before the reign of Emperor Shenzong,the Fan army was mostly composed of recruited soldiers of surrendered tribes.The recruited Fan archers were the main component following Emperor Shenzong’s reign.The recruited archers’chief source of income was their land;this income exceeded both the average income of the imperial army and that of tribal troops by a significant margin.This adds to the academic conversation over Fan armies’compensation.