近红外荧光手术导航探针的研究进展

Research Progress of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Surgical Navigation Probes

近红外荧光(near-infrared fluorescence, NIRF)成像技术已被证明是外科手术中定位肿瘤部位、识别肿瘤边界以及区分肿瘤细胞和正常组织的有效方法.开发高质量的NIRF探针对于肿瘤的完全减灭至关重要.然而,传统荧光探针在癌组织和健康组织中都能产生荧光信号并且无癌症靶向性,这导致了相对较高的背景信号和较差的特异性.近年来,人们通过纳米修饰、偶联肿瘤靶向配体以及生物标志物激活等方式,逐渐开发出了更具临床转化价值的荧光探针.此外,近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ)荧光探针也逐渐成为研究热点.本文聚焦在荧光手术导航用荧光探针的结构与性能上,同时对被动靶向型、主动靶向型、可激活型荧光探针以及NIR-II荧光探针进行了全面阐述,分析其面临的挑战,探讨可能的解决思路,以期推动近红外荧光手术导航技术的临床应用.

Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)imaging technology has been proved to be an effective method for locating tumor sites,identifying tumor boundaries,and distinguishing tumor cells from normal tissues in surgery.The development of high-quality NIRF probes is crucial for the complete elimination of tumors.However,traditional fluorescent probes can produce fluorescence signals in both cancer tissues and healthy tissues and have no cancer targeting,which lead to relatively high background signals and poor specificity.People have gradually developed fluorescent probes with more clinical transformation value through nano-modification,coupling tumor targeting ligands and biomarker activation,etc.In addition,near-infrared(NIR-II)fluorescent probes have gradually become a research hotspot.This review focuses on the structure and properties of fluorescent probes for fluorescence-based surgical navigation.At the same time,passive targeting,active targeting,activating fluorescent probes and NIR-II fluorescent probes are comprehensively described,and the challenges are analyzed.Possible solutions are discussed in order to promote the clinical application of near-infrared fluorescence-based surgical navigation technology.