外泌体在肿瘤放射治疗中作用的研究进展

Research progress on the role of exosomes in tumor radiotherapy

放射治疗(radiotherapy, RT)是恶性肿瘤的重要治疗手段,但放疗抵抗仍是限制其疗效的主要难题,并与放疗后肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)改变密切相关,机制尚不清楚。外泌体(exosomes)是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分和调节因子,最新研究显示放疗过程中电离辐射会影响外泌体的分泌和内容物组分,通过调节癌基因表达、介导癌细胞信号通路、调控肿瘤微环境中细胞间通讯等病理生理过程,最终介导肿瘤的放疗抵抗,而检测受放疗辐射后外泌体可作为预测放疗疗效的生物标记物。因此,该文综述了外泌体在肿瘤放射治疗过程中的作用及可能机制,旨在为降低放疗抵抗并提高放疗疗效提供新方向和思路。

Radiotherapy(RT)is an important treatment for malignant tumors,but radioresistance is still a major problem limiting its efficacy,and it is closely related to the change of tumor microenvironment(TME)after radiotherapy,and the mechanism is still unclear.Exosomes are important components and regulators of the tumor microenvironment.Recent studies have shown that ionizing radiation affects exosome secretion and content composition during radiotherapy,and ultimately mediates tumor radioresistance by regulating oncogene expression,mediating cancer cell signaling pathways,regulating cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and other pathophysiological processes.The detection of exosomes after radiotherapy can be used as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of radiotherapy.Therefore,this article reviews the role and possible mechanism of exosomes in tumor radiotherapy,aiming to provide new directions and ideas for reducing radioresistance and improving radiotherapy efficacy.