2,7-二芳基取代芴/芴酮的合成

Synthesis of 2,7-Diaryl Substituted Fluorenes and Fluorenones

2,7-二芳基取代芴/芴酮及其衍生物在有机半导体材料、化学传感器和茂金属催化剂等领域广泛应用.传统合成方法难以满足多样性分子结构和性能调控的需求,而Pd和Ni催化的芳基-芳基交叉偶联反应则成为制备2,7-二芳基取代芴/芴酮的高效手段,带有膦配体和N-杂环卡宾配体等多种类型的金属催化剂得到应用.综述了2,7-二芳基取代芴酮、9-无取代2,7-二芳基取代芴和9-取代2,7-二芳基取代芴三种类型化合物的合成方法及各种Pd和Ni配合物的使用条件.总结了目前各种合成方法面临的挑战,并展望了可能的解决方案.

2,7-Diaryl substituted fluorenes and fluorenones are widely used in fields of organic semiconductor,chemosensor,and metallocene catalysis.Traditional synthesis methods can not meet the requirements of flexible molecular structures and regulation of diverse properties.Aryl-aryl cross coupling reactions based on the catalysis of Pd and Ni complexes have become efficient methods for the preparation of 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenes and fluorenones.Various types of metal catalysts with phosphine ligands and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been applied.The synthetic methods of 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenones and 2,7-diaryl substituted fluorenes with or without 9-substitutions,and the conditions for the application of Pd and Ni complexes are reviewed.The challenges of various synthetic methods at present are summarized and a brief outlook on possible solutions is provided.