铸造耐热铝合金研究及应用现状与展望

Current Status and Prospects of Research and Applications of Cast Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloys

传统的铸造耐热铝合金在汽、柴油发动机热端部件已经得到广泛应用。随着发动机功率提升和燃油经济性提高,对铸造铝合金的耐热性能和耐疲劳性能等提出了更高的要求。本文从回顾现在广泛使用的铸造耐热铝合金的强化相出发,综述了耐热相设计原则及耐热构型设计以及共晶合金体系的最新进展,最后结合一些最新发展的先进耐热铸造铝合金案例,展望了未来耐热铸造铝合金的发展方向及开发技术。

Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloys have been widely applied in the field of high temperature and high stress such as the cylinder head of diesel engines.With an increase in the power of engines and fuel-economics,demand for high-temperature resistance and fatigue-resistance is more and more urgent.This contribution starts from the review of conventional strengthening phases utilized in the design for a heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy.Then the criteria for heat-resistant precipitates design and newly recognized heat-resistant phase structure are summarized,followed by a brief introduction of the newly developed aluminum based eutectic alloys for elevated temperature applications.In combination with some advanced heat-resistant aluminum cast alloys which have found applications,perspective of the future development of heat-resistant cast aluminum alloys is carried out.