烤烟新品种贵烟20的选育及其特征特性

Breeding and Characteristics of New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Guiyan 20

烤烟新品种贵烟20由一个叶数较多的云烟87自然变异株经系统选育而成,2023年4月通过全国烟草品种审定。贵烟20株型塔形,叶形长椭圆,生长势较强,大田生育期129.3 d;打顶株高128.30 cm,可采叶数23.17片;中抗黑胫病,中感青枯病、根结线虫病、赤星病、TMV,感CMV和PVY;赤星病抗性好于K326,黑胫病、TMV、CMV和PVY抗性与K326相当,青枯病和根结线虫病抗性低于K326,综合抗性较K326差。平均产量2904.35 kg/hm^(2)、产值74287.05元/hm^(2),主要经济性状优于K326。化学成分协调性较好,与K326相当,优于云烟87;原烟外观质量优于K326,稍差于或相当于云烟87;综合感官质量优于K326和云烟87。根据品种特征特性,贵烟20适宜在西南烟区种植,要避免在病毒病(CMV、PVY)、根结线虫病和根茎性病害高发区域或土地上种植;施肥量在云烟87需肥量基础上,根据当地土壤肥力作适当调整;下部处理不适用鲜烟叶4~5片,单株留叶20~21片,成熟采收和烘烤参照云烟87进行。贵烟20是一个能兼顾产量和质量的优良烤烟新品种。

Guiyan 20,a new flue-cured tobacco variety,was developed through systematic breeding of a natural mutant plant of Yunyan 87 with a higher leaf count and was approved by the National Tobacco Variety Appraisal Committee in April 2023.Guiyan 20 has a pyramidal plant shape,long oval leaves,and strong growth potential with a field growth period of 129.3 days.The average topping height is 128.30 cm,with 23.17 harvestable leaves.It shows moderate resistance to black shank,moderate susceptibility to bacterial wilt,root-knot nematodes,brown spot,and TMV,and susceptibility to CMV and PVY.Its resistance to brown spot is better than K326,while resistance to black shank,TMV,CMV,and PVY is comparable to K326.However,its resistance to bacterial wilt and root-knot nematodes is lower than K326,indicating overall resistance inferior to K326.The average yield is 2904.35 kg/hm²with a value of 74,287.05 yuan/hm²,with main economic traits superior to K326.Its chemical composition is well-coordinated and comparable to K326,but superior to Yunyan 87.The appearance quality of the raw tobacco is better than K326 and slightly inferior or comparable to Yunyan 87,with overall sensory quality superior to both K326 and Yunyan 87.Based on its characteristics,Guiyan 20 is suitable for planting in the southwestern tobacco-growing areas,but it should avoid regions or soils with high incidence of viral diseases(CMV,PVY),root-knot nematodes,and root-stem diseases.Fertilization should be adjusted based on local soil fertility relative to Yunyan 87's requirements.Lower leaf processing is not suitable for 4-5 fresh leaves per plant,with 20-21 leaves retained per plant.Maturity harvesting and curing should refer to Yunyan 87.Guiyan 20 is an excellent new flue-cured tobacco variety that balances yield and quality.