新型短碳链氟碳表面活性剂发泡性能研究

Study on foaming performance of new short carbon chain fluorocarbon surfactants

水成膜泡沫灭火剂是扑灭燃油火灾的重要灭火剂,在发泡过程能够迅速膨胀是控制火灾的必要条件,其核心组分氟碳表面活性剂的发泡性能是扑灭燃油火的关键因素。由于长碳链氟碳表面活性剂具有毒性和生物富集性,而短碳链化可大大减少这些影响且能够保持很好的表面活性,故短碳链氟碳表面活性剂有很大的应用前景。目前尚未对短碳链氟碳表面活性剂的发泡性能进行过系统性研究。本文基于短碳链氟碳表面活性剂发泡过程中所涉及的主要因素,针对溶液浓度、气体流量和筛网孔径三个因素研究了各因素对发泡性能的影响。结果表明,在25℃环境温度下各影响因素与发泡性能存在正相关的规律,但影响程度有所不同。建立了短碳链氟碳表面活性剂的发泡速率模型,该发泡速率模型在一定范围内能够较好地预测氟碳表面活性剂的发泡速率和发泡倍数,为泡沫灭火剂的发泡性能研究提供了理论基础,对设置发泡设备参数及操作条件有一定的指导作用。

Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent is an important extinguishing agent for extinguishing fuel fires,and the foaming performance of its core component fluorocarbon surfactant is the key factor for extinguishing fuel fires.Due to the toxicity and bioaccumulation,long-chain fluorocarbon surfactants have limited application prospects.However,short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants exhibit good surface activity while greatly reducing these negative effects,making them a promising alternative.Despite this potential,the foaming properties of short-chain fluorocarbon surfactants remain understudied.In this paper,based on the main factors involved in the foaming process of short carbon chain fluorocarbon surfactant,the effects of three factors on the foaming performance were studied in terms of solution concentration,gas flow and screen mesh size.The results show that there is a positive correlation between the influencing factors and the foaming properties at the ambient temperature of 25℃,but the degree of influence is different.The foaming rate model of short carbon chain fluorocarbon surfactants was established,and the equation was obtained.The foaming rate model can predict the foaming rate and foam expansion ratio of fluorocarbon surfactants well within a certain range.The model provides a theoretical basis for the study of foaming properties of foam extinguishing agent,and has a certain guiding effect on setting parameters and operating conditions of foaming equipment.