宽光谱共轭小分子在太阳能海水淡化与热电发电中的应用

Application of Wide Spectrum Conjugated Small Molecule for High Efficiency Solar-Powered Seawater Desalination and Power Generation

[目的]为解决太阳能海水淡化器件成本高、制备工艺复杂的难题,选择具有重量轻、成本低、合成及提纯工艺简单等优点的有机小分子光热材料作为太阳能吸收材料。[方法]利用1种有机共轭小分子Y6,与低成本的纤维素纸结合,制备了在350~1 000 nm范围内宽光谱吸收的高光热转换性能的Janus结构水蒸发器。[结果]蒸发器的下表面具有高效的水粘附性,利于高速集水,而蒸发器的上表面具有拒水性,能够达到理想的自漂浮能力。并且每3.14cm^(2)的器件仅需0.5 mg光热材料就能实现超过70℃的温度,节约用料优势明显。[结论]在1.0 kW/m^(2)太阳光辐照下,基于Y6的蒸发器的光热能量转换效率为64.4%,蒸发速率高达1.13 kg/(m^(2)·h),明显高于对照的纤维素纸蒸发器。经过太阳能蒸发脱盐后,得到的纯化水的离子浓度相比于初始的模拟海水显著降低4~6个数量级。该蒸发器与热电器件集成,在1.0 kW/m^(2)太阳光照射下,蒸发速率达到1.02 kg/(m^(2)·h),同时还产生了55 mV的输出电压。研究结果表明,基于有机小分子Y6的太阳能蒸发器,在光热水净化和热电发电协同作用方面具有良好的应用前景。

[Introduction]In order to solve the problems of high cost and complex preparation process of solar desalination devices,organic small molecule photothermal materials,which possess advantages such as light weight,low cost,simplified synthesis and purification processes,are selected as solar energy absorption materials.[Method]A kind of organic conjugated small molecule Y6 was combined with a low-cost cellulose paper to prepare a Janus structure water evaporator with wide spectrum absorption in the range of 350~1000 nm and high photothermal conversion performance.[Result]The bottom surface of the evaporator has efficient water adhesion,facilitating rapid water collection,while the top surface has water repellency,which can achieve the self-floating ability.Moreover,each 3.14 cm^(2) device only needs 0.5 mg photothermal material to achieve a temperature of more than 70℃,demonstrating significant material-saving advantages.[Conclusion]Under 1.0 kW/m^(2) solar irradiation,the photothermal conversion efficiency of Y6-based evaporator is 64.4%,and the evaporation rate is up to 1.13 kg/(m^(2)·h),which is obviously higher than that of the control cellulose paper evaporator.After solar evaporation desalination,the purified water obtained exhibits a significant reduction in ion concentration by 4~6 orders of magnitude compared to the initial simulated seawater.When the evaporator is integrated with a thermoelectric device,the evaporation rate reaches 1.02 kg/(m^(2)·h)under 1.0 kW/m^(2) solar irradiation.Meanwhile,an output voltage of 55 mV is generated.This study demonstrates that the solar evaporator based on organic small molecule Y6 has a promising application prospect in the synergistic effect of photothermal water purification and thermoelectric power generation.