美国非专利实施主体禁令救济适用经验的梳解与借鉴

Analysis and Reference of the Application Experience of Injunctive Relief for Non-Practicing Entity in the United States

美国作为非专利实施主体的发源地,非专利实施主体禁令救济适用的司法案例与实证研究丰富。美国非专利实施主体禁令救济适用历程表明,产业主体是适用规则转向的重要驱动力量。禁令救济有着衡平法原则的回归,由一般适用向严格适用路径转向的趋势,一定程度起到对非专利实施主体的规制作用,同时也存在制度失灵风险。我国对非专利实施主体停止侵权救济的适用,原则上应保留其获得停止侵权救济的基本权利,遵循利益衡平原则,对当事人之间利益以及公共利益进行权衡;方法上宜采用一般适用为主,不予适用为例外的进路,通过设置考量要素进行要素测试分析,以决定是否以损害赔偿救济替代适用。

The United States,as the origin of non-practicing entity(NPE),has many judicial cases and empirical studies on the application of injunctive relief for NPE.By investigating the history of injunctive relief for NPE,it reveals that industry entities play an important role in driving the transformation of applicable rules.Applicable rules have a return of equity principle,and a trend from general to strict application,to achieve the effect of the regulation of NPE to a certain extent.However,there is also a risk of institutional failure to some degree.Based on this,in applying injunctive relief for NPE in China,it should retain NPE's basic right to applying for stopping infringement in principle,and follow the principle of interest balance to weigh the interests between parties and between NPE and the public interests.The court should adopt general application as the main approach,with no-application as the exception,and set the consideration factors and carry out the factor test analysis to decide whether the remedy for damages should be applied instead of stopping infringement.