轻度调亏涌泉根灌提高山地苹果产量、品质及水分利用效率

Light regulated deficit surge-root irrigation improvement of yield,quality and water use efficiency of mountain apple

为探明陕北地区山地苹果优质高效生产的涌泉根灌灌溉模式,选择7年生山地苹果(寒富)为试材,以全生育期充分灌水为对照组CK,其灌水上、下限分别为100%Q_(f)和85%Q_(f)(Q_(f)为田间持水率).在萌芽展叶期(Ⅰ期)和果实膨大期(Ⅲ期)分别设置4个灌水水平(轻度调亏灌水DI_(L)、中度调亏灌水DI_(M1)、偏重度调亏灌水DI_(M2)和重度调亏灌水DI_(S),其灌水上、下限分别为对照组的90%,75%,60%和45%),采用完全随机区组设计,分析了陕北山地苹果光合、产量、品质和水分利用效率对调亏灌溉(regulated deficit irrigation,RDI)的响应规律.结果表明:苹果树Ⅲ期的叶片光合特性比Ⅰ期的强,且在同一物候期,与CK处理相比,DI_(L)处理的光合能力差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),其余处理有所减弱;与CK相比,Ⅰ-DI_(L)和Ⅲ-DI_(L)处理的产量、灌溉水利用效率和耗水利用效率差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),但其余处理均有所降低;其中Ⅲ-DI_(L)处理的产量最大(31358 kg/hm^(2)),其次是Ⅰ-DI_(L)处理(31239 kg/hm^(2));DI_(L)与CK处理的综合品质较优且差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05).因此,在山地苹果萌芽展叶期轻度调亏灌水(Ⅰ-DI_(L)处理)和果实膨大期轻度调亏灌水(Ⅲ-DI_(L)处理),可提高苹果的产量和品质.

Aim to explore a high-efficient production surge-root irrigation system for mountain apples in northern Shaanxi,a 7-year-old mountain apple(Hanfu)was chosen as the test material.Full irrigation was selected as the control group(CK)in the full growth stage in which 100%Q_(f) and 85%Q_(f) were defined as upper and lower irrigation limit value.Four RDI(regulated deficit irrigation)levels namely light deficit irrigation(DI_(L)),moderate 1 deficit irrigation(DI_(M1)),moderate 2 deficit irrigation(DI_(M2))and severe deficit irrigation(DI_(S))were designed in the sprout leaves stage(stage I)and fruit expansion stage(stageⅢ),respectively.The irrigation limits of them are 90%,75%,60%and 45%of control group,respectively.A randomized block design was used to analyze the responses of apple photosynthesis,yield,quality,and water use efficiency of regulated deficit irrigation in mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi.The results show that the photosynthetic characteristics of apple leaves in stageⅢare stronger than those in stage I.In the same phenological period,there is no significant difference in photosynthetic capacity between DI_(L) and CK(P>0.05),and the other treatments are weakened.Compared with CK,the yield,irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)and consumption water use efficiency(CWUE)ofⅠ-DI_(L) andⅢ-DI_(L) treatments do not see significant increase(P>0.05),while the other treatments encounter a decrease.The yield ofⅢ-DI_(L) treatment is the highest(31358 kg/hm^(2)),followed byⅠ-DI_(L) treatment(31239 kg/hm^(2)).The comprehensive quality of DI_(L) and CK is better and has no significant difference(P>0.05).Therefore,the apple yield and quality encounter significant improvement owing to the activity of the light RDI in the sprout leaves stage(Ⅰ-DI_(L) treatment)and light RDI in the fruit expansion stage(Ⅲ-DI_(L) treatment).