小肽调控植物分生组织发育的机制及其在作物改良中的研究进展

Regulatory Mechanisms of Small Peptides in Plant Meristem Development and Its Research Advances in Crop Improvement

在高等植物的生长发育过程中,根尖分生组织和茎尖分生组织不断分裂分化产生根系、茎、叶和花等器官,分别形成植物的地上和地下部分。小肽是胞间通讯的关键信号分子之一,参与了植物生长发育、抗病抗逆等诸多生命活动,其中包括植物根尖和茎尖分生组织的干细胞活性调控,进而影响了植物器官的生成和发育。近年来,越来越多的研究揭示了小肽分子在分生组织维持和发育中的重要性,及其在多种作物农艺性状调控中的关键作用。本文综述了小肽及其受体在拟南芥和作物中维持分生组织稳态的分子机制,探讨了小肽对作物产量性状的影响及在作物改良中的应用策略,并对小肽领域的研究方向进行了分析和展望。

Throughout the growth and development of higher plants,the shoot apical meristem(SAM)and root apical meristem(RAM)continually differentiate to generate roots,stems,leaves and flowers,then forming above-ground and below-ground organs,respectively.As one of important intercellular signal transduction molecule,small peptides are involved in regulation of many physiological processes in plant development and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Particularly,they play crucial role in regulating the activity of SAM and RAM,which ultimately affect the origin and development of plant organs.In recent years,emerging evidences reveal the importance roles of small peptides in maintaining meristems homeostasis and regulating crop agronomic traits.This review highlights the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of small peptides and their receptors in maintaining the homeostasis of meristems in Arabidopsis and crop species.It also discusses the role of small peptides in regulating crop yield traits and their application in crop improvement.Additionally,the review proposes and prospects the potential interesting research direction of small peptides.