多基原藏药噶吾尔的本草考证

Textual Research on the Materia Medica of Different Original Tibetan Medicine Kawur

噶吾尔是藏医临床治疗热性疾病的基础药之一。通过查阅藏医药古籍文献资料,结合地方标准,对其不同基原的用药标准、名称、别名、基原、炮制、药性、化学成分、药理作用等进行研究,并对用药混乱现象等进行梳理分析。研究发现,噶吾尔最早记载于《月王药诊》,后逐渐以标准名噶吾尔记载于《四部医典》及各类以四部医典注释为主的藏医药学著作中。经本草考证,11世纪前的古籍文献中未见噶吾尔的优劣之分,12世纪起被分为3类,即布玛拉树(■)树脂叫芒噶吾尔,甘赞树(■)树脂叫达色噶吾尔,沧岗树(■)树脂叫谢噶吾尔。查阅资料得知,来源与产物、时间及季节分为9种,强下品为冰片Borneol campho-ra,弱下品为艾片Camphor、龙脑香Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.f、艾脑香(艾纳香)Blumea blsamifera(L.)DC;强中品为薄荷脑Mentha haplocalyx Briq,弱中品为薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq;强上品为樟脑Camphora,弱上品为云南樟Cinnamomum glandu-liferum(Wall.)Nees、樟木Cinnamonum cam-phora(L.)Persl。经过对比临床常用的9个品种,其功效相近,且已知主要化学成分均为挥发油和萜类等。噶吾尔的本草考证将为藏医临床的科学、合理用药和质量标准建立提供理论参考。

Kawur is one of the basic drugs for clinical treatment of heat related diseases in Tibetan medicine.This article combines Tibetan medicine with local standards to study the name,alias,origin,processing,drug properties,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,etc.of its different origins,and analyzes the phenomenon of drug confusion.Research has found that Kawur was first recorded in the Moon King Medicine Diagnosis,and later gradually recorded under the standard name Kawur in the Four Medical Canons and various Tibetan medical and pharmaceutical works mainly annotated with the four medical canons.After textual research,it has been found that there is no distinction between the advantages and disadvantages of Kaghur in ancient literature before the 11th century.Since the 12th century,it has been divided into three categories,namely Bumala tree(■) resin is called Mangkaghur,and Ganzan tree(■).The resin is called Da Se Ga Er,and the Cang Gang Tree(■) resin is called Xie Ga Er.According to the data,there are 9 types of sources,products,time,and seasons.The strong end product is Borneol campho ra,while the weak end product is Camphor,Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.f,and Blumea blsamifera(L.) DC;The strong intermediate product is Mentha haplocalyx Briq,while the weak intermediate product is Mentha haplocalyx Briq;The strong top grade is camphor Camphora,while the weak top grade is Yunnan camphor Cinnamomum glandula liferum(Wall.) Nees and camphor Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Persl.Medication.Compared with the 9 commonly used varieties in clinical practice,their efficacy is similar,and the main chemical components are known to be volatile oils and terpenoids.The textual research on Gawuer's herbal medicine will provide theoretical reference for the scientific and rational use of drugs and the establishment of quality standards in Tibetan medicine clinical practice.