广州市某院14611例住院病例损伤和中毒外部原因分析

Analysis of External Causes of Injuries and Poisoning Among 14,611 Hospitalized Cases in a Hospital in Guangzhou

目的通过对损伤和中毒的外部原因及其发生规律的探讨,为当地相关部门制定预防和控制措施提供重要依据。方法根据《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类ICD-10》的分类原则,在广州市某院出院时间为2019年1月1日-2022年12月31日的所有76785份病案中,检索主要诊断编码为S00-T98和外因编码V01-Y89(剔除Y90-Y98)的住院病案共14611份,损伤中毒外部原因按照ICD-10编码的类目进行分类,利用Excel软件按频数和构成比进行数据统计,计数资料采用卡方检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果2019年1月1日-2022年12月31日因损伤中毒住院14611例(剔除Y90-Y98),占总出院人数的19%,以本市常住居民(82.1%)为主,2020年损伤中毒占比最低17.31%,其余3年均高于19%。不同年龄组损伤中毒病例男女差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2021.49,P<0.001),65岁及以上老年人占比最大41.9%,总体女性比例高于男性(1.3:1)。损伤和中毒前3位的外部原因分别是跌倒(W00-W19)71.5%、操劳过度旅行和贫困(X50-X57)10.7%、运输事故(V01-V99)6.4%。结论本地区近4年损伤和中毒病例呈现居高不下的趋势,应重点关注65岁及以上老年人和女性群体,针对引起损伤中毒的三大主要外部原因跌倒、操劳过度旅行和贫困、运输事故采取相应的预防和控制措施。

Objectives This study aims to provide important basis for relevant local departments to formulate prevention and control measures by discussing the external causes of injury and poisoning and their occurrence patterns.Methods According to the classification principles of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-10,among all 76,785 medical records discharged from a hospital in Guangzhou from January 1,2019 to December 31,2022,a total of 14,611 inpatient medical records with the main diagnosis code S00-T98 and external cause code V01-Y89(excluding Y90-Y98)were retrieved.The external causes of injury and poisoning were classified according to ICD-10 coding categories,and Excel software was used to conduct data statistics according to frequency and composition ratio.Chi-square test was used for the enumeration data,and differences at P<0.05 were statistically significant.Results Between January 1,2019,and December 31,2022,there were a total of 76,785 hospitalized cases,with 14,611 cases admitted due to injury poisoning(excluding Y90-Y98),representing 19.0%of the total discharges.The majority of these cases were permanent residents of the city(82.1%).The proportion of injury poisoning cases reached a minimum of 17.31%in 2020,increasing to over 19%in the remaining three years.The difference between male and female injury and poisoning cases across various age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=2021.49,P<0.001),with the highest percentage(41.9%)observed among the elderly aged 65 years or older.Overall,the proportion of females was higher than that of males,with a ratio of 1.3 to 1.The top three external causes of injury and poisoning were falls(W00-W19)71.5%,overworked travel and poverty(X50-X57)10.7%,and transportation accidents(V01-V99)6.4%.Conclusions In the past four years,the number of injury and poisoning cases in the region has remained high.We should prioritize the elderly population aged over 65 and females,and implement preventive and control measures targeting the three primary external causes of injury and poisoning:falls,over-exertion during travel,poverty-related incidents,and transportation accidents.