马克思主义视域下的“是”与“应当”——基于科玄论战的理论考察

"Be"and"Should"from the Perspective of Marxism:A Theoretical Investigation Based on the Controversy of Science and Metaphysics

对“是”与“应当”关系的考量,学界往往局限于纯粹的知识论范式内,忽略其实质上是一个实践论问题;面对如今现实的实践需要,既有的答案业已力有不逮。因此,唯有跳出理论局限,以一种历史的视野为事实找寻价值属性、为价值觅得现实基础,才能为二者间的鸿沟架起稳固之桥。回看百年前的科玄论战,重新思考科学与玄学、因果律与自由意志、形而上与形而下的交锋,于细节处发微:一方面有助于看清科学派与玄学派论战的实质,即中国未来是全盘西化还是社会改良;另一方面证明事实与价值间的不可逾越,不会也不能满足中国的需要,只有历史唯物主义才是历史的选择,才是中国道路的理论依据。

The consideration of the relationship between"be"and"should"in academia is often confined to a purely epistemological paradigm,ignoring that it is essentially a practical issue.Faced with the practical needs of today's reality,the existing answers are no longer sufficient.Therefore,only by breaking out of theoretical limitations and seeking value attributes and practical foundations for values from a historical perspective,can we build a stable bridge between the two.Looking back at the controversy of science and metaphysics a hundred years ago,we have reconsidered the confrontation between science and metaphysics,between causality and free will,and between metaphysics and physics,and found that on the one hand,it is helpful to see clearly the essence of the controversy between science and metaphysics,that is,whether China will be completely Westernized or socially improved in the future.On the other hand,it proves that there is an insurmountable gap between facts and values,which will not and cannot meet China's needs.Only historical materialism is the choice of history and the theoretical basis for the Chinese path.