因明学蒙古文经书概述

Review of Mongolian Hetuvidya Scriptures

因明学既是古印度“五明”之一,也是藏传佛教“十明”之一。随着印度、西藏佛教传入蒙古地区后蒙古因明学得以形成和发展。蒙古文写成的因明学经书文献众多,是蒙古因明学主要的研究对象。蒙古文《大藏经》是藏文《大藏经》的蒙古文译刻本,是蒙古佛教典籍的总集,由《甘珠尔》(佛语部)和《丹珠尔》(论疏部)两大部组成,蒙古文《丹珠尔》是蒙古因明研究的重要文献。《智慧之鉴》是佛经典籍《丹珠尔》藏蒙翻译的依据辞典,也是研究蒙古因明术语的主要工具书。《阿拉善丹达拉然巴因明全集》为蒙古因明奠基者阿拉善丹达拉然巴阿旺丹德尔的具有佛教哲学思想和佛教逻辑思想的著作,也是第一个出版的蒙古因明经文专著。《蒙古因明学概要》是蒙古因明研究学者图·乌力吉编著的硕士研究生蒙古因明学课程必读书。本文从蒙古因明学研究工作的需要,也为了理解其因明学话语、因明宗法理论,解读其因明逻辑的概念范畴,对蒙古文《丹珠尔》中的68篇因明经书,《智慧之鉴》第6章的因明学要义,《阿拉善丹达拉然巴因明全集》中的8篇经文以及《蒙古因明学概要》等蒙古因明经典著作进行了概述。

Hetuvidya is not only one of the Panca-vidya of ancient India,but also one of the Indriyas of Tibetan Buddhism.With the introduction of Buddhism from India and Tibet into Mongolia,Mongolian Hetuvidya was formed and developed.There are many Hetuvidya classics written in Mongolian,which is the main research object of Mongolian Hetuvidya.The Mongolian Ganjur is a Mongolian translation of the Tibetan Tripitaka Sutra,which is a collection of Mongolian Buddhist classics.It consists of two parts:Ganjur(Buddhist Department)and Danjur(On Shubu Department).The Mongolian Danjur is an important document for the study of Mongolian Hetuvidya.The Book of Wisdom is a dictionary for the Tibetan-Mongolian translation of the Buddhist classic Danjur,and also a major reference book for the study of Mongolian Hetuvidya terms.The Complete Works of the Hetuvidya of Alash Dandar Lharamba,the founder of the Mongolian Hetuvidya,is the first published monograph of the Mongolian Hetuvidya scriptures,which contains Buddhist philosophical thoughts and Buddhist logic thoughts.The Outline of Mongolian Hetuvid ya is a required reading for master's degree students in the course of Mongolian Hetuvidya,compiled by Mongolian Hetuvidya scholar Tu.Olzi.In order to understand the Hetuvidya discourse and patriarchal theory of Mongolian Hetuvidya,this paper analyzes 68 Hetuvidya sutras in Mongolian Danjur and the main points of the Hetuvidya study in Chapter 6 of the Book of Wisdom,the 8 scriptures in The Complete Works of the Hetuvidya of Alash Dandar Lharamba,and The Outline of Mongolian Hetuvidya.