《蒙古秘史》语言中反映的方向观

The Orientation View Reflected in the Language of The Secret History of the Mongols

在现代蒙古语中,表示方向的doron_a、urun_e、umar_a和表示方向和方位的jegin、barayun、emin_e、qoyin_a,虽然都源于中世纪蒙古语,但其语义与《蒙古秘史》中所表达的已有所不同。不仅如此,反映在这些方向词中的方向观也发生了变化。通过分析《蒙古秘史》中所出现的方位词后发现,doron_a、irin_e、umar_a、emin_e是一套表示方向的词,同时也可以表示方位意义,而jegin、barayun、urida、qoyin_a是一套表示具体方位和抽象方位的词,不表示方向意义。通过更深入的研究发现,这些方向词所指的方向与现代蒙古语方向词所指的方向逆时针相差90度。

In modern Mongolian,doron_a,irin_e,umar_a means directions,and baraun,emin_e,qoyin_a means directions and positions.All these words originated from medieval Mongolian,but their semantics are not the same as those expressed in The Secret History of the Mongols.Not only that,the orientation view reflected in these orientation words has also changed.A analysis of positional words in The Secret History of the Mongols shows that doron_a,ürin_e,umar_a and emin_e are a set of words that represent directions and positions,while jegin,baraun,emun_e,and qoyin_a are a set of words that represent specific and abstract positions which do not indicate directional meaning.Through further study,it was found that the directions indicated by these directional words differed by 90 degrees counterclockwise from the directions indicated by modern Mongolian directional words。