《说文段注》对汉字构形之“意”的阐释与发展

The Concepts and their Linguistic Functions of Intention and Meaningin Shuowen Duan Zhu

自乾嘉迄今,段玉裁的《说文解字注》一直被历代学者奉为训话典范。音、形、义三者互求固为其要,而其历史贡献更巨者在于本义与引申义之发明(章太炎语)。本文认为:在本义和引申义背后的段氏《说文》理论之“意义系统”中,更有“字意”与“字义”两个重要范畴之不同,至今学者尚未予以足够注意,更没有从理论上加以归纳和阐释,是为今天继绝项目的重要工作之一。本文首先从段氏继承与发明许慎“字意”之基础上,阐释其“意”的概念及功能,揭示“字意”与“字义”之不同,然后在所建立的段氏“意”“义”之别的理论基础上,讨论《段注》文字研究的当代文字学的意义与价值。

Duan Yucai's(1735-1815)“Shuowen Jiezi Zhu”has been regarded as a model of exegesis by scholars.Duan's historical contribution lies in the invention of the original meaning(本义)and the extended meaning(引申义)according to Zhang Taiyan(1869-1936).This article claims that in the“meaning sys tem”of Duan's Shuowen theory,there is a significant difference between“yi意intention/design”and“yi义meaning/sense”.To date,hardly any systematic exploration and theoretical explanation have been provided in the literature.This article attempts,for the first time,to explore the concept and function of“yi intention/design”on the basis of Duan's inheritance of the ancient exegetic notion of“yi意”and the invention of Xu Shen's(58-147)“zi yi字意graphical design”.According to a large amount of annotation materials in Duan Zhu,the different natures and types of“ciyi词意cognate meaning”and“ciyi词义word meaning”in Duan's philological theory are characterized and summarized,and some important terminologies he invented and used for his semantic theories are conceptualized and theorized.Finally,this article discusses the linguistic significance and scholarly value of Duan's theory of"yi意"and“yi义”.