医院空气环境中微生物的采集方法及其时空分布研究

Study on the bioaerosol sampling methods and the distribution of microorganisms in hospital air

目的了解医院内环境空气中金黄色葡萄球菌、流感病毒等微生物的时间和空间分布,为医院感染研判、风险分析及消毒处置提供支持。方法2023年2-4月,使用Anderson六级采样器和气旋式生物气溶胶采集仪在北京某医院新生儿ICU、新生儿内科病房、门诊楼2层大厅、呼吸科病房等4个地点采集空气样本,采集频率为每周2次,共收集样本292份,其中146份用于细菌培养,另146份用于病毒富集。用多重实时荧光定量PCR方法筛查金黄色葡萄球菌等6种细菌和流感病毒等12种病毒。结果从146份细菌培养样本中检出金黄色葡萄球菌30份(20.55%)、铜绿假单胞菌16份(10.96%)、肺炎克雷伯菌2份(1.73%);从146份病毒富集样本中检出甲型流感病毒1份(0.68%)、乙型流感病毒1份(0.68%)。金黄色葡萄球菌在3月份检出率最高(24.07%),铜绿假单胞菌在2月份检出率最高(14.71%);金黄色葡萄球菌在门诊楼2层大厅检出率最高(22.73%),铜绿假单胞菌在新生儿ICU检出率最高(28.57%)。检出金黄色葡萄球菌的样本在不同采样月份检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。结论2023年2-4月北京某医院内不同时间和地点的空气环境中存在与医院感染相关的病原体,其中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高,其次为铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。

Objective To understand the temporal and spatial distribution of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and influenza virus in the air of hospital environment,in order to provide support for hospital infection research,risk analysis and sterilization and disposal.Methods From February to April 2023,air samples were collected from four locations,including the neonatal ICU,neonatal internal medicine ward,the lobby on the second floor of the outpatient building,and respiratory ward of a hospital in Beijing,using six-stage Anderson microbiological impactor and cyclonic bioaerosol sampler.The collected frequency was twice a week,and a total of 292 samples were collected,of which 146 were used for bacterial culture and another 146 were used for virus enrichment.Multiple Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to screen 6 kinds of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and 12 kinds of viruse such as influenza virus.Results Out of 146 bacterial culture samples,30 were tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus(20.55%),16 were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.96%),and 2 were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae(1.73%).Out of 146 virus enriched samples,1(0.68%)was positive for influenza A virus and 1(0.68%)was positive for influenza B virus.The positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest in March(24.07%),while the positive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highest in February(14.71%).The positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest in the lobby on the second floor of the outpatient building(22.73%),the positive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest in the neonatal ICU(28.57%).Among them,there was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus in different sampling months(P=0.027).Conclusion From February to April 2023,the highest positive rate of Staphylococcus aureus related to hospital infection was found in the air environment of a hospital in Beijing,followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.