主动磁悬浮轴承运动力学分析与悬浮控制研究

Kinematic Mechanics Analysis and Levitation Control of Active Magnetic Bearings

主动磁轴承(Active magnetic bearing,AMB)具有无摩擦、低损耗、寿命长、可控性强等优点,因此广泛应用于各类旋转轴机械装置中,当前,许多应用于磁轴承系统的先进控制手段在理论上有着良好的控制效果,但在实际应用中却存在很大差异。在实际主动磁悬浮轴承系统中,磁悬浮轴承-转子系统制作偏差而使轴承磁力偏移,严重影响转子悬浮控制。为探究悬浮控制过程中转子运动状态,分析对比了等效磁路法与麦克斯韦积分法电磁力计算,在不完全微分PID控制基础上基于试验测试与理论推导提出了一种实际磁悬浮轴承系统下的运动力学分析悬浮控制方法。将转子运动过程分为加速、减速、波动阶段,对每一阶段转子运动行为特性与控制方法选择进行了研究,并应用于实际8极主动磁悬浮轴承系统中,最终使转子动态悬浮于气隙允许范围内。

Active magnetic bearing(AMB)has advantages such as no friction,low loss,long service life,and strong controllability,making it widely used in various rotating shaft mechanical devices.Currently,many advanced control methods used in magnetic bearing systems have good control effects in theory,but there are significant differences in practical applications.In actual active magnetic levitation bearing systems,the manufacturing deviation of the magnetic levitation bearing rotor system causes the bearing magnetic force to shift,seriously affecting the rotor suspension control.In order to explore the motion state of the rotor in the suspension control process,the equivalent magnetic circuit method and the Maxwell integration method for electromagnetic force calculation are analyzed and compared.Based on incomplete differential PID control,a motion force analysis suspension control method for actual magnetic levitation bearing systems is proposed based on experimental testing and theoretical derivation.The rotor motion process is divided into acceleration,deceleration,and fluctuation stages.The characteristics of rotor motion and the selection of control methods in each stage are studied and applied to the actual eight pole active magnetic bearing system,ultimately making the rotor dynamically suspended within the allowable range of air gap.