黄河流域国家级自然保护区生态系统服务功能评估

Evaluation of ecosystem service function of national nature reserves of the Yellow River Basin

【目的】研究黄河流域国家级自然保护区生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征,为制定有效的生态保护策略提供科学依据。【方法】以黄河流域国家级自然保护区为研究对象,采用InVEST模型,分析并评估其水源供给、土壤保持、碳储存和生境质量4项生态系统服务功能。【结果】(1)2000—2020年,黄河流域国家级自然保护区的水源供给量和平均生境质量指数呈现出先减少后增加的变化,土壤保持量表现为逐期下降,碳密度随着时间的推移先增加后减少。降水和土地覆被变化是影响生态系统服务功能变化的主要因素。(2)受黄河流域地区城市化快速发展的影响,国家级自然保护区的综合生态系统服务功能随时间推移逐渐减弱,在空间上表现为从黄河流域上游向下游逐渐增强。【结论】面对黄河流域的复杂生态环境风险问题,建议强化全流域的水资源管理,合理开发利用土地资源以提高土地利用效益。注重植被保护和自然恢复,完善全流域的生态补偿机制,并采取因地制宜的保护措施。通过这些措施,以促进区域生态环境和经济社会协调可持续发展。

[Objective]This paper studies the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service functions in national nature reserves in the Yellow River Basin so as to provide scientific basis for formulating effective ecological protection strategies.[Method]This study took the national nature reserves in the Yellow River Basin as the research object and evaluated its four ecosystem service functions of water supply,soil conservation,carbon storage,and habitat quality through InVEST model analysis,and proposed targeted conservation recommendations on this basis.[Result](1)From 2000 to 2020,the water supply and average habitat quality index of national nature reserves in the Yellow River Basin showed a change of first decreasing and then increasing,while the change of soil conservation showed a period-by-period decrease,and the carbon density showed a change of first increasing and then decreasing over time.Precipitation and land cover change were the main factors affecting the change of ecosystem service function.(2)Influenced by the rapid development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin,the comprehensive ecosystem service function of national nature reserves showed a gradual decrease over time,and the spatial distribution characteristics showed a gradual increase from the upstream to the downstream of the Yellow River Basin.[Conclusion]Based on the complex ecological and environmental risk problems in the Yellow River Basin,it is recommended to strengthen the basin-wide coordination mechanism of water resources,pay attention to the rational development and utilization of land resources,improve the efficiency of land use,focus on vegetation protection and natural restoration,improve the basin-wide ecological compensation mechanism,and adopt locally appropriate protection measures.These measures aim to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological environment and economy and society.