盐碱胁迫对植物的影响及抗性机制研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Saline-alkali Stress on Plants and Their Resistance Mechanisms

盐碱胁迫是仅次于干旱胁迫抑制植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一,不仅影响植物的生长发育,而且对农业生产和生态环境造成严重威胁。研究植物的耐盐碱机制,对耐盐碱作物选育及盐碱地的开发利用具有重要的现实意义。结合近年来国内外的相关研究总结性阐述了盐碱胁迫对植物代谢的伤害(包括离子伤害、膜系统伤害、诱导渗透伤害等)机制,并从膜系统保护以及诱导基因表达方面综述了植物对盐碱胁迫的缓解机制,进而提出外源物质的导入、生物技术手段、耐盐碱品种培育是解决植物抗盐碱的主要手段。最后就植物适应盐碱胁迫方面的研究进行了展望,指出了当前研究者需要解决的问题和突破口,旨在为提高植物耐盐碱能力、增加作物产量提供一定的理论依据。

Salt-alkali stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that inhibit plant growth and development,second only to drought stress.It not only affects plant growth and development but also poses a serious threat to agricultural production and the ecological environment.Studying the mechanisms of plant salt-alkali tolerance has significant practical implications for the breeding of salt-alkali tolerant crops and the development and utilization of salt-alkali land.Based on recent domestic and international research,this paper summarizes the mechanisms of salt-alkali stress on plant metabolism,including ion damage,membrane system damage,and induced osmotic damage.It reviews the mechanisms by which plants mitigate salt-alkali stress,focusing on membrane system protection and induced gene expression.It further suggests that the introduction of exogenous substances,biotechnological methods,and the cultivation of salt-alkali tolerant varieties are the main strategies to address plant salt-alkali resistance.Finally,the paper looks forward to research on plant adaptation to salt-alkali stress,pointing out the issues and breakthroughs that current researchers need to address.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for improving plant salt-alkali tolerance and increasing crop yields.