高山寒旱区高原夏菜新品种引种试验初报

Preliminary Report on the Introduction Experiment of New Varieties of Plateau Summer Vegetables in the Alpine Cold and Arid Area

甘肃是我国的高原夏菜主要产地和重要的出口型加工地区,为筛选出适宜在位于高山寒旱区的甘肃高原夏菜主产区天祝县种植的优良蔬菜品种,为当地高原夏菜品种选择提供参考,引种观察了莴笋、贡菜、甘蓝、结球生菜、西兰花等5类高原夏菜30个品种的生育期、农艺性状及经济性状。结果表明,莴笋品种以富盛红笋王表现最佳,其生育期短,抽薹率最低,为7.00%;折合产量最高,为71250.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种紫龙显著增产18.66%。贡菜品种以云南贡菜表现最佳,其株高中等,株幅最小,肉质茎短且粗,不抽薹,商品性好,产量最高,为123211.5 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种北方贡菜显著增产7.80%。甘蓝品种以中甘21号表现最佳,其叶球紧实度中等,商品性好,产量最高,为91815.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种精品中甘显著增产6.90%;结球生菜品种以玛丽娜表现最佳,其商品性好,产量最高,为91035.0 kg/hm^(2),较对照品种富盛结球生菜显著增产9.68%;西兰花品种以对照品种耐寒优秀表现最佳,其花球紧实,球形指数较高,单株球重最重,折合产量较高,为67650.0 kg/hm^(2)。因此认为莴笋品种富盛红笋王、贡菜品种云南贡菜、甘蓝品种中甘21号、结球生菜品种玛丽娜、西兰花品种耐寒优秀等适应性较强、产量高、商品性好,是适宜在位于高山寒旱区的甘肃高原夏菜主产区天祝县及甘肃高原夏菜其余主产区进行推广的优良高原夏菜品种。

Gansu is a major production area for plateau summer vegetables in China and an important export-oriented processing region.To select superior vegetable varieties suitable for planting in Tianzhu County,a major production area of plateau summer vegetables in Gansu's alpine cold and arid areas,this study aims to provide references for the selection of plateau summer vegetable varieties in the area.The introduction experiment observed the growth period,agronomic characters,and economic traits of 30 varieties of 5 categories of plateau summer vegetables,including lettuce,gongcai,cabbage,romaine lettuce and broccoli.The results showed that the lettuce variety Fusheng red king performed the best,with a short growth period,the lowest bolting rate of 7.00%,and the highest average yield at 71250.0 kg/ha,which was 18.66%higher than that of the control variety Zilong,significantly.The gongcai variety Yunnan gongcai performed the best,with medium plant height,the smallest plant width,short and thick fleshy stems,no bolting,good commercial quality,and the highest yield of 123211.5 kg/ha,7.80%higher than that of the control variety Northern gongcai,significantly.The cabbage variety Zhonggan 21 performed the best,with medium compactness,good commercial quality,and the highest yield of 91815.0 kg/ha,which was 6.90%higher than that of the control variety Premium Zhonggan,significantly.The head lettuce variety Marina performed the best,with good commercial quality and the highest yield of 91035.0 kg/ha,9.68%higher than that of the control variety Fushun head lettuce,significantly.The control variety Excellent cold resistance in broccoli showed the best performance,with tight flower balls,a high ball shape index,the heaviest individual flower ball weight,and a high yield of 67650.0 kg/ha.Therefore,the lettuce variety Fusheng red king,the gongcai variety Yunnan gongcai,the cabbage variety Zhonggan 21,the head lettuce variety Marina,and the broccoli variety Excellent cold resistance are considered to have strong adaptability,high yield,and good commercial quality,making them suitable for promotion in Tianzhu County,the main production area of highland summer vegetables in Gansu's alpine cold and arid areas,and other main production areas of plateau summer vegetables in Gansu.