天然气量价耦合非线性销售优化模型构建及应用

Construction and application of a natural gas volume-price coupled nonlinear sales optimization model

在国家天然气产业“X+1+X”政策下,针对直面市场竞争的销售环节,天然气价格对下游客户市场的开发至关重要。针对天然气销售公司与下游客户签订的阶梯气价结算合同在制定过程未充分考虑客户购气能力的不足,本文通过分析客户量价关系对阶梯价格的影响,结合天然气供应链结构,建立了天然气量价耦合非线性优化模型。该模型以天然气销售公司总利润最大为目标函数,以天然气供应链各环节气量、供销气量以及客户各阶梯气价为决策变量,考虑各环节气量上下限约束、各客户调价空间约束、节点流量平衡约束、客户量价关系约束、阶梯价格约束、客户类型约束等,调用GUROBI求解器中的空间分支定界算法对该混合整数二次规划模型进行求解。将模型及算法应用于某省网大型多气源多客户(含10个气源和121个客户)的供销系统中,计算时间不超过5秒,算法求解效率高。与阶梯价格方案固定的销售情况相比,所得各客户销量及气价方案使得总效益最高提升17.2%,具有较好的优化效果。本文构建的模型及算法应用于不同客户类型的案例中,同时兼顾了客户和天然气销售公司的利益。可用于天然气销售公司与下游客户进行价格复议时推荐调价方案,并为天然气销售公司制定阶梯气价销售方案提供依据。

The“X+1+X”policy in the national natural gas industry has positioned the price of natural gas as a crucial factor for the development of the downstream customer market.The sales segment,which is directly exposed to market competition,heavily relies on this pricing strategy.In response to the shortcomings of the ladder gas price settlement contract signed between the natural gas sales company and downstream customers,which does not fully consider the customers'gas purchasing ability in the process of formulation,this paper analyzes the impact of customer volume-price relationship on the ladder price,and establishes a natural gas volume-price coupled nonlinear sales optimization model of the natural gas supply chain.The model takes the maximum total benefit of the natural gas sales company as the objective function,and takes the gas volume of each link in the natural gas supply chain,the natural gas supply and sales volume as well as the customers'ladder prices as the decision variables.The constraints of the model include the upper and lower limits of the gas volume of each link,pricing adjustment space constraints for each customer,the node flow balance constraints,the constraints of customers'volume-price relationship,the constraints of the ladder price,the constraints of the type of different customer,etc.The proposed complex mixed-integer quadratic optimization model is solved using the spatial branch and bound algorithm in the GUROBI solver.This method is applied to a large-scale multi-gas source and multi-customer supply and demand system(including 10 gas sources and 121 customers)within a provincial network.Remarkably,the computation time does not exceed 5 seconds,demonstrating the high efficiency of the model and algorithms.When compared to the current sales situation with a fixed ladder pricing scheme,the optimized sales volume and gas price scheme for each customer resulted in a total benefit increase of 17.2%.This significant improvement underscores the effectiveness of the proposed model.Importantly,the model and algorithm developed in this paper can be applied to a variety of customer types,ensuring that the interests of both customers and natural gas sales companies are considered.The model has shown promising application effects and can be used to recommend price adjustment plans in cases of price reconsideration between natural gas sales companies and downstream customers,and provides a solid foundation for natural gas sales companies to formulate more effective and beneficial ladder gas price sales schemes.