不同感觉策略下老年人平衡控制的皮质激活特征

Characteristics of cortical activation in balance control under different sensory strategies in the elderly

目的 探讨老年人在不同感觉策略下的平衡控制能力和大脑皮质激活特征。方法 2023年1月至5月,在常州市不定向招募健康青年人(对照组,n=19)和老年人(试验组,n=20)。两组佩戴功能性近红外光谱帽并在平衡仪上完成3种不同感觉策略下的平衡控制任务。试验A为40 s闭眼稳定平面站立,试验B为40 s睁眼不稳定平面站立,试验C为40 s闭眼不稳定平面站立,试验前后分别进行40 s睁眼稳定平面站立。测量并比较两组的总稳定性指数(OSI)和感兴趣区(ROI)的皮质激活β值,其中ROI包括左侧运动前区(LPMC)、右侧运动前区(RPMC)、左侧感觉运动区(LSMC)、右侧感觉运动区(RSMC)、左侧前额叶区(LPFC)和右侧前额叶区(RPFC)。结果 两组在试验A和试验B中的OSI和各ROI的β值无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。在试验C中,试验组的OSI较低(Z=-2.056,P<0.05),两组RSMC(t=2.623,P_(FDR) <0.05)、 LPMC(Z=-2.360,P_(FDR) <0.05)和LPFC(t=3.202, P_(FDR) <0.05)的β值有显著性差异。结论 在视觉和本体感觉同时受限时,老年人平衡控制能力下降,大脑相关脑区激活增加。

Objective To investigate the balance control abilities and cortical activation characteristics of elderly individuals under different sensory strategies.Methods From January to May,2023,19 healthy young adults and 20 elderly individuals were recruited in Changzhou as control group and experimental group,respectively.Both groups wore functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)caps and performed balance control tasks on a balance platform under three different sensory strategies.Test A was 40 seconds of standing on a stable surface with eyes closed,Test B was 40 seconds of standing on an unstable surface with eyes open,and Test C was 40 seconds of standing on an unstable surface with eyes closed.Before and after the tests,both groups performed 40 seconds of standing on a stable surface with eyes open.The overall stability index(OSI)and cortical activationβvalues of the regions of interest(ROI)were measured and compared between two groups.The ROIs included the left premotor cortex(LPMC),right premotor cortex(RPMC),left sensorimotor cortex(LSMC),right sensorimotor cortex(RSMC),left prefrontal cortex(LPFC)and right prefrontal cortex(RPFC).Results There was no significant difference in OSI andβvalues of each ROI in Tests A and B between two groups(P>0.05).In Test C,there was a lower OSI in the experimental group(Z=-2.056,P<0.05),and there were significant differences in theβvalues of RSMC(t=2.623,PFDR<0.05),LPMC(Z=-2.360,PFDR<0.05)and LPFC(t=3.202,PFDR<0.05)between two groups.Conclusion Elderly individuals experience a decline in balance control abilities,accompanied by increased activation in related brain regions,when both vision and proprioception are restricted.