microRNA与母体孕期营养不良者的子代脂质代谢紊乱的关系

The relationship between microRNA and lipid metabolism disorders in offspring of malnourished pregnant women during pregnancy

“健康和疾病的发育起源”假说提出:除了遗传和环境因素,生命早期(包括胎儿和婴幼儿时期)的不利因素会增加成年后罹患慢性疾病的风险。表观遗传修饰可能是生命早期经历营养不良导致成年后发生代谢紊乱的潜在机制。因此,母体孕期若有营养不良(如热量摄入过少或铁、叶酸等微量营养素缺乏)、肥胖、高血糖等,可能通过表观遗传机制增加子代成年后慢性代谢性疾病的易感性。最新研究表明,生命早期不论是经历营养不良,还是营养过剩,都会影响成年后肝脏、骨骼肌、血液等组织中调控糖脂代谢相关microRNA的表达。基于此,以下重点介绍作为表观遗传机制之一的microRNA,在母体孕期营养不良状态下可能导致子代脂质代谢异常的潜在机制,以期为以非酒精性脂肪性肝病为代表的脂代谢紊乱疾病的发生机制以及生命早期干预治疗提供科学依据。

The"Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"hypothesis suggests that,adverse factors during early life,including fetal and infant periods,increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood,besides genetic and environmental factors.Epigenetic modifications may be a potential mechanism for the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood due to early-life malnutrition.Therefore,maternal malnutrition factors during pregnancy(such as inadequate calorie intake or deficiency in micronutrients such as iron and folate),obesity,hyperglycemia,etc.,may increase the susceptibility of offspring to chronic metabolic diseases in adulthood through epigenetic mechanisms.Recent studies have shown that early-life experiences of both malnutrition and overnutrition affect the expression of microRNAs regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in tissues and organs such as the liver,skeletal muscle,and blood.Based on this,the authors of this article focus on introducing microRNAs as one of the epigenetic mechanisms that may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism in offspring under conditions of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy,aiming to provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanisms of lipid metabolism disorders,represented by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and for early-life intervention and treatment.